宇宙辐射

We first present a brief review in Chapter 1 on both theories and observations of GRBs, including bursts themselves, afterglows, energy engine, host galaxies, environments, high energy particles and gravitational radiation, relation to cosmology, etc.

第一章是伽玛暴领域的简述，在观测和理论上都作了简要但较全面的综述，内容包括了伽玛暴本身、余辉、能源机制、寄主星系、暴周环境、高能粒子和引力波辐射、宇宙学意义，等等。

The recent WMAP result of CMB anisotropies is used to normalize the amplitude for gravitational waves.

我们利用了近期关于宇宙微波背景辐射各向异性的WMAP观测结果，以确定引力波的幅值。

The ionosphere is strongly coupled with the other regions in the solar-terrestrial system, including the sun, the interplanetary medium, the magnetosphere, the thermosphere, and the mesosphere.

电离层是日—地系统的重要组成，不仅保护了地球上的生物免受太阳紫外辐射和宇宙高能粒子的直接作用，而且对穿电离层传播的无线电波产生反射、散射、吸收和折射等效应。

Certain gases in the atmosphere, mainly carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorocarbons, act like the glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight through to heat the Earth's surface but trapping some of the heat as it radiates back into space.

在大气中，某些气体二氧化碳、甲烷为主的氧化亚氮和fluorocarbons，像玻璃在温室里，让阳光透过加热地球表面的热陷阱，但作为辐射回宇宙中。

In the early Universe, the primordial gas cannot efficiently cool radiatively because atoms have excitation energies that are too high, and molecules, which have accessible rotational energies, are very rare.

在宇宙早期，原初气体很难通过辐射有效冷却，因为原子的激发能太高，而有转动能级的分子又太稀少了。

Unlike more local galaxies, which are visible in the bluer filters as well,the very large 'redshifts' of galaxies at the edge of the observable universe mean that no light is emitted at the blue end of the spectrum.

与能够在蓝光段完整看见的我们周围的星系不同，在可观测宇宙边缘附近的星系红移相当巨大，它们的辐射都无法在蓝光段看见。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失