学说

The incorrect thoughts of crime beneficial theory and relativism idea of criminality existing in do mesic criminal law circle have a spreading tendency,while one of the supportive Viewpoint is to consider that criminal has positive function of arousing examine feeling,i.e criminal can arouse the examine aesthetic feeling of public,which will offer a kind of service to the society.

国内刑法学界当前存在着不正确的&犯罪有益论&、&相对主义犯罪观&思潮，并且有日益漫延的趋势，而其支撑性观点之一，是认为犯罪具有&唤起审判感&的正面功能，即犯罪可以唤起公众的审美感，从而也是为社会提供一种&服务&。对于这一学说的批判，应当逐一进行，而关于犯罪具有唤起审美感观点的批判，是反思和批判此类观点的重要内容。

Convention T, linguistic formal theory, mention and use, self-reference, linguistic paradox are both the components of philosophical metalinguistic theory, which not only has direct effects on the establishment of the theory of linguistic metalanguage but also as a principle of modern methodology set significant effects on the linguistic turn of modern philosophy as well as the western humanities and social science.

首先，对&元语言&、&对象语言&和&语言&等术语进行辨析，简要概括元语言的特性和元语言理论的研究现状，阐明&方法论原则&的含义；第二，对哲学的元语言理论的源流进行梳理，并阐述其内容和方法论意义；第三，以语符学、结构语义学、元语用学、元语言功能学说为中心，阐明语言学的元语言理论及其对哲学的元语言理论的继承与发展；最后，考察修辞学领域的元语言研究，并结合汉语实际，分析元语言修辞现象。

The Death Star came out of Doctrine of Fear proposal that Grand Moff Tarkin made to Emperor Palpatine.

死星的产生是源于塔金向皇帝帕尔帕丁提出的恐惧学说。

He made a comparative analysis on Chinese nominalistic logic with Western Aristotles logic and Indian classical logic, and revealed the main content of logic of Moism, including basic concept, principle of inference, induction ect.

本文拟从以下几个方面对梁启超的逻辑——方法论思想进行分析评述： 1、梁启超取得逻辑——方法论研究成就的历史条件：①清代诸子学的考证训诂成果使《墨子》一书稍可读通；②西学输入促进了梁启超对中国古典逻辑的研究；③研究墨学和科学的逻辑方法，为宣传维新变法思想提供方法论武器；④梁启超对墨子及墨家学说的主观偏爱。

There are two kinds of theories on the regional economy legal regulation : monistic legal regulation and dualistic legal regulation .

在区域经济法律调整问题上，我国理论界与实践部门有&一元调整说&与&二元调整说&之学说，笔者主张&二元调整说&。

As well known the Bible is one of the most important thinking sources about state theories and law culture in the western world The Bible also has influence on international law of war Based on the Old Testament of the Bible about law of nature, contract, international relationship, ius bello, ius in bello, peace, love, humanity, human right, munity, ius gentium and source and nature of war, the Article authored a few aspects of these influences and its profound actual significance

《圣经》历来被看作西方国家学说和法文化的重要思想资源之一。同样，《圣经》对国际法的影响也是不可忽略的。《圣经》旧约中有关自然法、契约及国家关系；圣战与正义战争；和平、博爱、人道与人权；永久和平、基督文化共同体；以及战争的根源与本质等几个重要方面，对现代战争国际法具有持久和深远的现实意义。

Arminianism constructed the doctrine of regeneration synergistically, making man's renewal dependent on his prior cooperation with grace; liberalism constructed it naturalistically, identifying regeneration with a moral change or a religious experience.

亚米纽斯主义构造学说的再生协同作用，使得人的重建依赖于他之前的合作与宽限期；自由主义的兴建，它naturalistically ，确定再生与道义上的改变或一个宗教的经验。

In the 19th century, a number of American and English scientists challenged the Nebular theory. They presented the "Planetesimal Theory", or the "Theory of the Little Planets".

在19世纪，一些美国和英国科学家挑战了星云说，他们提出&星子论&，或&小行星学说&。

The nominalistic doctrine is opposed to the philosophical theory called extreme realism, according to which universals have a real and independent existence prior to and apart from particular objects.

学说的唯名论反对哲学理论称为极端现实主义，其中共性有真正的和独立的存在之前，除了特定的对象。

The thesis hold the viewpoints as follows: Dong zhong-shu inherited the ideology of Confucianist School in pre-Qin days by adopting the thought of "Grand Unification","Policy of Benevolence" and "Neutral Political Point", absorbed the ideology of Taoist School by accepting the thought of "Rule by Nonaction" in the relationship of monarch-ministers and monarch-people, incorporated the ideology of Mohist School by embracing the thought of "Heaven"s Will" and "Unify to One", assimilated the ideology of Legalist School by drawing the thought of "Being Dominated by Morals with the Assistance of Penalty" and "Unify to Laws, merged the ideology of Yin-Yang School by assuming the thought of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements.

本文认为：在&大一统&论、德治论、&中和&论等方面，董仲舒继承了先秦儒家的&定于一&、&施仁政&、&致中和&等思想；在君臣关系、君民关系等方面，董仲舒吸收了道家的&无为而治&思想；在&天志&论、&大一统&论等方面，董仲舒兼容了墨家的&天志&、&上同于一&等思想；在&德主刑辅&论、&大一统&论等方面，董仲舒汲取了法家的&德刑并用&、&天下统一于法&等思想；在&天&的范畴、君主独尊地位的合理性、&尊德卑刑&论、&三统说&等方面，董仲舒融合了阴阳家的阴阳五行学说。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。