学者的

An endorsement on the back of the jacket, by Sacvan Bercovitch, the author of "The Puritan Origins of the American Self," salutes Buell's book as "the harvest of the past half-century of Emersonian revaluations and the harbinger, guide, and provocation for the next generations of Emerson scholars and critics"—as if Emerson scholars and critics, in their generations, are world enough.

美利坚本质的清教起源》的作者萨克万·伯克维奇在书的封页的评语中将贝尔的书敬为"过去半个世纪对爱默生再评价的成果和下一代爱默生学者和评论者的先驱、导向和动力"——好像爱默生学者和评论者在他们的年代中都会非常的实际。

At the end of 19 century, Old China under the system of emperor autarchy, resulted in a weak and poor country and the national confidence had once been lost, because of a long time cultural autarchy of Manchu Nobiliary and invasion of colonial force. Then Chinese scholars turned to learn western culture and technology, and the linguistic theories delegated by The General Linguistics of Sausure were transplanted in China, which became the basic principles guiding Chinese teaching after the establishment of academic and educational system for about a hundred years.

19世纪末，君主专制体制下的旧中国因为长期的君主专制和满族贵族的文化专制，加上当时列强殖民势力的入侵，导致国家积贫积弱，民族自信心一度丧失，中国学者转而学习西方文化技术，其中以索绪尔《普通语言学》为代表的语言学理论被中国学者移植到中国，经过百年的学术和教育体制的固定，成为指导中文教学的基本原则。

For solving the Y2K problem, many large-scale overseas or home enterprises used ERP system to replace the old system in their enterprise. Many enterprises even used it as the foundation of electronic enterprise ,and integrated other information systems into it. However the organizational performance is not necessarily good. Some scholars think the performance of ERP will be influenced by the time length after ERP go-live and the different performance targets. Ross even thought the performance of ERP will assume a "V" path when improvementing an ERP,and get continuate improvement. Therefore this research is for discussing whether the ERP system can improve organizational performance. It used the different performance targets to evaluate the long-term organizational performance that ERP system brought.

摘要 在千禧年Y2K的推波助澜下，国内外许多大型企业纷纷使用企业资源规划(Enterprise Resource Planning，ERP)系统来取代企业内部的旧系统，甚至许多企业将ERP系统当作企业电子化的基础，进一步整合其他的资讯系统，但是不一定都能有好的绩效结果，因此有学者认为ERP绩效会受到系统上线后的时间长短或效益衡量标的的影响而改变，ROSS学者甚至认为ERP系统的绩效甚至会在上线后呈现V字型的改善路径，并且会呈现持续改善的状况。

This clause is improper mainly because:firstly,it does not accord with the ingenerate desire of the principle;secondly,in judicial practice it is unrealistic and inequitable to punish all crimes;thirdly,the development of decriminalization in substantial and procedural aspects greatly challenges to the pattern of punishing all crimes.

本条是罪刑法定原则的法定表述。在对该原则进行理论解释的时候，很多学者仅对该条后半段的规定展开论述，而对前半段的规定却丝毫不予提及。值得注意的是，有学者认为，第三条前段规定的是积极的罪刑法定原则，后段规定的是消极的罪刑法定原则，&正确运用刑罚权，惩罚犯罪，保护人民，这是第一位的；而防止刑罚权的滥用，以保障人权，则是第二位的。&

Based on the relationship between etiquette and law in Chinese history of law,this paper aims at sorting out theories about harmony embodied in "building up the system of morality,etiquette,administration and law simultaneously" and doctrine of the mean in "attaining harmony by means of etiquette",and systemizing and theorizing them so as to use the past for the benefit of the present in building modern harmonious society and the state of rule of law.

要建设和谐社会，就必须处理好各种社会关系，其中，发挥法律在社会生活中的作用，同时兼顾其它社会规范的&并建&，意义非同寻常。当代中外法学界对此问题的探讨主要表现为：(1)法律方法论问题探讨，如国内学者俞荣根先生的《儒家法思想通论》。(2)调解文化研究，如国内学者梁治平先生的《寻求自然秩序中的和谐》等。

Good editions of ancient books: rubbings from stone inscriptions, hand-written editions and printed editions of the eras before Yuan Dynasty, the manuscripts, hand-copied editions that were written or arranged and revised by famous scholars and bibliophiles of the two dynasties of Ming and Qing, and that have important values in some subject area, printed editions (including block-printed editions, typed-editions, printed editions with exquisite prints, and process printed editions), and hand-copied books of the Ming and Qing dynasties that are characteristic of that two dynasties in book contents, carving levels, sheets, printing, binding and layout, and other aspects, printed editions, hand-copied editions that have the prefaces and postscripts annotated and revised by famous scholars and bibliophiles of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the contents of the prefaces and postscripts annotated and revised have important values as academic references.

二十、古籍善本元以前的碑帖、写本、印本；明清两代著名学者、藏书家撰写或整理校订的、在某一学科领域有重要价值的稿本、抄本；在图书内容、版刻水平、纸张、印刷、装帧等方面有特色的明清印本（包括刻本、活字本、有精美版画的印本、彩色套印本）、抄本；有明清时期著名学者、藏书家批校题跋、且批校题跋内容具有重要学术资料价值的印本、抄本。

Castilla奥奈real painting and the vivid reflection of the politicians, diplomats and academics in the same image features: his black, sharp eyes and a calm, as if to see through all; he That reddish, tightly closed, outside velvet lips, showing his self-confidence, determination, resourcefulness and the rigorous and extremely good; slight tilt of his chin, and that dense,络腮胡be neat to show 16th-century Renaissance Italy unique style of scholars; that black hat, white shirt, gray-black fitted prime painted and reflect the idea was abandoned in the Su-loaded艳装to promote culture of the times.

卡斯蒂利奥奈》这幅作品真切而生动地反映了这位政治家、外交家兼学者于一身的形象特征：他那黑亮、锋利而又平和的眼神，好象能够看穿一切；他那微红、紧闭、外柔内刚的双唇，显示了他自信、果断、严谨和善辩的机巧；微微翘起的下巴，那浓密、整齐的络腮胡须，显示了意大利16世纪文艺复兴时期学者特有的风范；那黑色的礼帽，白色的衬衫，灰黑色的素装又反映了被画者在当时主张摒弃艳装提倡素装的时代风尚。

In order to analysis the facets of madness shown in Mark's pictures and deal with their yet to be explored images of conflicted madwomen, the writer tries to interpret the representation of two different types of madwoman in Ward 81 by applying the concept of "boundary" and drawing on French scholar Foucault's discourse on the history of insanity, feminism scholar Elaine Showalter's ideas about madness and gender, as well as the views about the photographic representation of outsiders in contemporary art criticism. One type is the humble and disadvantaged madwoman confined in a medical institution. The other type is the neglected, menacing madwoman.

为了更全面地关注玛蔻影像中的疯癫理路，进而处理其中尚未被挖掘的矛盾疯女人样貌，笔者尝试援引「界线」的概念，辅以法国学者米歇尔傅柯的疯癫历史论述、女性主义学者伊莱恩˙修华特对疯狂与性别的主张，以及当代艺术评论对摄影再现边缘族群的观点，来诠释《81号病房》内两种截然不同的疯女人再现：其一是备受医疗机制的严密禁锢，既卑微又弱势的疯癫女子；其二则是部分被忽略的、具威胁性的疯女人形象。

However, what kind of teacher-student relationship is helpful to students' learning and development? Rogers (1961) indicated that the relationship between teacher and student is similar with that of therapist and client. From the theory of self psychology, could a teacher, as a good selfobject, influence the self and personality development of students?

Rogers认为教学者与学习者的关系类似於心理治疗中治疗者与个案的关系，若从自体心理学的理论来分析，教学者可否如治疗者一样，扮演一个「重要的自体客体」角色，不仅影响学生的学习，且对学生自我的概念，甚至人格的建构有一定程度的影响？

Abstract」By the approaches of index and explanation of cause and effect,with the statistics in all kinds of yearbooks edited by the authorities ,in comparisonwith some scholars'same studies about other countries or areas ,this article analysesthe impacts of modernization on the evolution of litigation rates in China,1978—2000,and tests the theoretic hypothesis about the relations between social developmentand evolution of litigation established by some foreign scholars.

内容提要」本文运用指标的方法和因果解释的方法，针对国外学者提出的有关社会发展和诉讼率变迁的关系的理论假设，参照国外学者对其他国家和地区这种关系的经验研究，利用政府出版的各种年鉴中的统计资料，分析了中国大陆1978—2000年间现代化发展对民事经济诉讼率变迁的影响。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。