学童

In this research, the SOLO (Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome) Taxonomy presented by Australian scholars Biggs and Collis (1982) was adopted, and students studying the fifth and sixth grades in Taipei area were chosen as research targets.This study was primarily implemented with a quantitative analysis and supported by a qualitative analysis. In order to carry out the research, a questionnaire had been designed with criteria suggested by Jones et al.(2000), including "describing data","organizing and reducing data","representing data" and "analyzing and interpreting data." This questionnaire consisted of open-ended questions, and after analyzed with qualitative methods, the responses were classified and scored based on standards set in SOLO Taxonomy. Then the quantitative method "Partial Credit Analysis" from Rasch model was adopted in examining the reliability, validity and consistency of outcomes from the qualitative analysis.

提出的统计思维架构－「描述资料」、「组织及简化资料」、「呈现资料」、「分析资料」作为评量试题的向度，题型为开放性问答题，在区分学童的答题表现方面，采用质的分析，参照SOLO（Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome）分类法的分类标准，将学童不同的答题反应进行分类，给予不同的分数，最后再采用Rasch model中的部份给分模式进行量化分析，以量化数据佐证质性分析的信度与效度，以及不同给分的吻合度。

Females being inferior are still common phenomena. Gender discrimination causes compression to both girls and female teachers. Gender anticipation difference makes pupils forming a peer sub-culture that superiors compress inferiors, bigs bully smalls, and weaks bully weakers. And that makes girl-pupils of grade 1 becoming the weakest.

性别歧视不但使女童和女教师在教学中面临被压迫的处境，同时性别差异期待亦使学童团体形成以强压弱、以大欺小、以弱欺弱的同侪文化，使低年级女童成为学童团体中最弱势的一群人。

Before the teaching activity, students' misconceptions of "air" concept mainly be, the student thinks the air isn't a kind of material, so the air isn't condensability, don't occupying space, and can't speaking out air current can be become common practice with form, its cause was that: the basic concept for air's quality was wrong and students always conducted incorrect judgment due to the ambiguity of literate meanings.

本研究的结果发现：学童在教学活动之前，有关「空气」的迷思概念主要是，学童认为空气不是一种物质，所以空气不可压缩，不占有空间，并无法说出空气流动可以形成风；其成因是：气体基本性质概念错误和常因字义不清而下判断错误。

As far as the issue of improving the temporal order and cyclic time concept of pupils at elementary schools was concerned, the author worked with a group of teachers as a research team. The third grade pupils were chosen to be target for this curriculum design and implementation.

源於对提升国小学童时间顺序与周期概念的关怀，研究者与学年教师组成研究小组以台北市文山区某国小三年级学童为课程设计与实施对象。

Therefore, this research suggests that teachers should understand pupils' learning styles,train them to be the ones with mathematics proficiencies, build a team of cooperative learning , and depolarize their learning styles to reinforce pupils' performance and happiness in learning mathematics.

因此，本研究建议教学者应培养具有数学熟练性的国小学童、了解学生学习风格、建构一个合作学习的团体及使学童学习风格去极化，期待可以使学生学数学学得更好、更快乐。

However, among students in the elementary schools (n=552), the prevalence of myopia was 22.5%(25/111) in the darkness group, 23.1%(94/427) in the night-light group, and 21.4%(3/14) in the room-light group. Among children in the kindergartens (n=352), the prevalence of myopia was 6.1%(2/33), 13.5%(40/297), and 9.1%(2/22), respectively.

但是在学校组中，国小学童(n=552)的近视罹患率，全暗组为22.5%(25/111)，小灯组为23.1%(94/427)，全亮组为21.4%(3/14)；幼稚园学童(n=352)的近视罹患率，全暗组为6.1%(2/33)，小灯组为13.5%(40/297)，全亮组为9.1%(2/22)；均无统计学显著差异。

Everyone is talking about Charlie;s story this week -- how a 15-year-old Sydney school kid was a part-timer at McDonald's, just like a million other Aussie school kids.

这个星期，大家都在谈论贝尔的事：像澳大利亚其他百万学童一样，一个15岁的悉尼学童如何在麦当劳打工。

By means of instructional supervision, two text-based tests and interview analysis, we can observe and obtain what the performance of students in perceptibility and problem solving are when meeting regular problems.

本研究为质的研究，主要目的是透过以儿童为本位的「八十二年国小数学课程的精神」对12位就读於研究者任教之补习班且尚未接受规律教学的国小五年级学童实施小班数形规律单元教学，并经由教学观察、两次纸笔测验及实地访谈分析来探究学童经过本研究教学后，在解决规律问题时的察觉能力及解题表现为何？

The result of the research on children's learning profile was found that the observation record that derived from teaching process and interview analysis that got from two text-based tests. The students who are high and intermediate achievers can make first-order and second-order conditions on four-type regular problems by means of discussion and presentation in class. In addition, they can solve problems utilizing "perceptibility" when doing two text-based tests.

研究结果显示，藉由教学过程的观察记录及两次施测后的访谈分析所获得的学童学习历程观之：高成就及中成就组学童藉由讨论与发表，在四种型态问题皆能展现出察觉规律的一阶至二阶层次能力，并能在两次施测时运用察觉能力成功解题。

The purpose of this research is to study the adaptation process of using C.G.T. and C.G. software for the 5th graders and the development of the instructional design for applying C.G.T. to them, and the assessment of the achievement and performance of their comic works by using C.G.T.

本研究目的，在於探讨国小五年级学童对绘图板与绘图软体的适应过程，并且发展绘图板应用於国小五年级学童漫画创作时的教学设计，以了解国小五年级学童对於使用绘图板进行漫画创作之作品成就与表现。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。