学校教育的

We do not for mail or schools, as has been shown by Federal Express and others, and by the ability of many private schools to provide superior education to underprivileged youngsters at half the cost of government schooling.

但是邮政或学校却无需社会主义，这已被联邦快递和其他的邮递服务所证实，也被许多私立学校的优越表现所证实。这些学校，较之公立学校，能对下层社会的子弟以减半的成本提供更佳的教育。

In some areas, the school authority gives less significance to the subject reformation including arts. There are a lot of problems existing not only in limited class frequency, teaching resources and latest information, but also in poor salary, low rank of teaching faculty, low scientific and research level of art and new course training have not received a good result. Under this circumstance, the development of basic art education has been badly affected, and at the same time, the quality of human's foil and harmonious development has been destroyed.

由于甘肃经济条件的制约以及长期以来形成的教育观念的问题，在基础美术教育阶段，有些地区学校领导对课程改革和美术学科其重要性认识不够，美术开课率不足、不齐、美术教学资源缺乏、美术教育信息闭塞、美术教师待遇、职称落后，美术科研水平偏低，美术新课程培训形式化，这使得美术教师的教学信念不强，工作热情减低，学生学习的积极性也不够，这些问题的存在严重影响了甘肃省基础美术教育可持续发展，影响了人的全面和谐发展的素质教育要求。

By multiple statistic method the report finically decides the competence items, which are factor analyzed into 66 items, 12 factors and further combined into 5 dimensions. Knowledge and skill dimension includes knowledge structure, education concept and psychology tutoring skill; ability dimension includes common ability and special ability; self-concept dimension includes self-situate , self-efficacy and self-supervise; personality dimension includes character and emotion; motivation dimension includes extrinsic motivation and internal motivation. It proved that the questionnaire has good internal consistency reliability, and also has good internal validity and structural validity. It could be offer an effective tool to survey the psychology tutoring competence of university counselor. In the second research, using The Questionnaire for psychology tutoring competence actuality of university counselor to investigated 40 counselors and more than 300 college students from 6 college of Wu Han. It validated three hypotheses, the results show: There existed significant difference in university counselor within the variable of college, major, whether do not have assessed remarkable counselor ,how many years to be a university counselor and whether do not ever joined some training of psychology tutoring, but no significant difference within the variable of sex, age and degree.

研究二运用《高校辅导员心理辅导胜任力现状调查》和《高校辅导员心理辅导胜任力现状调查》对武汉6所高校的40名辅导员和300多名大学生实施调查，以辅导员的性别、年龄、学校、学历、专业，以及担任辅导员的年限、是否参加相关心理辅导的培训和是否获得过优秀辅导员称号为分组变量，讨论不同组别的辅导员各项胜任力水平的差异，验证了三个假设，结果表明：(1)学校：不同高校的辅导员心理辅导胜任力水平存在显著的差异，其中教育观念、外在动机和内在动机等方面差异非常显著；(2)专业：整体上，不同专业的辅导员心理辅导胜任力水平不存在显著的差异，但在教育观念、心理辅导技巧、外在动机和内在动机等因子上存在显著差异；(3)工作年限：整体上不存在显著的工作年限差异，但在心理辅导技巧、特殊能力、自我效能感和情感等因子上存在显著差异；(4)是否参加心理辅导培训：参加过培训的辅导员的胜任力水平整体上高于未参加过培训的辅导员，但并不显著，只在知识结构和心理辅导技巧上差异显著；(5)是否获得过优秀辅导员称号：总体上不存在显著的差异，但获得过优秀称号的辅导员胜任力水平在一般能力和性格两个因子上明显比较高；(6)辅导员的心理辅导胜任力水平与其性别、年龄、学历三个变量上各因子的显著性程度都未达到。05，属于不显著的水平。

This paper first points out that school examination often ignores its cultural spirit, that is to say, it ignores the humanistic needs that students wants to get through the examination in order to experience and enhance their own value;from two aspects, the paper furtherly analysis the reasons of lacking of humanistic care in school examination;and then, the paper analysis the psychology of the vocational school students who take part in the examinations; finally, it presents that we should reflect humanistic care from test environment,teachers invigilation, test paper scheduling and evaluation.

本文首先指出学校考试常常忽视了它的文化精神层面，即学生通过考试体验和提升自身价值的人文需要，认为学校考试应该体现人文理解和人文关怀；接着，从考试目标只注重认知领域和教师在教学中忽视了情感教育两个方面分析了学校考试缺乏人文关怀的原因；然后，分析了职业院校学生应试的心理状态；最后，提出了学校考试应该从考试环境、教师监考、试卷编制和考试评价四个方面体现人文关怀。

And their school education systems were " official study ". The main targets were for the children of the aristocracies and the contents were mainly " Six Arts " and ethics which were closely related to the political activities, so their educational objectives were to develop students' po litical talents and make them to be officials.

夏商周三代学校的教育制度是&学在官府&，其教育对象主要为贵族子弟，其教育内容主要是和政治活动密切相关的&六艺&和道德等，这也就决定了其教育目标是培养政治人才的。

Law preforming school may lose their federal money ,teachers and administrators may lose their jobs ,often these schools are in poor neighborhoods will getting students to go to school can be a continual problem.

布什6年前要求开放式学校需要用法律符号提高教育方式，法制节目的学校可能失去他们的联盟的钱，老师和管理者也可能会失去他们的工作，通常一些学校会比邻国学校贫穷，让孩子们上学是一个阶段性的问题。

In fifth part, this article analyzes and evaluates the quasi market reform of education finance, and point out its disadvantage in equity.

第四部分分析了公立学校失灵问题，指出将教育提供与生产分离，从而重造教育市场可能会有助于教育生产效率的提高。

I hope conclusion of this research could provide help on distribution and development of educational budget of schools and City government. Also let them make well-arranged use of limited budget and bring it into maximum education effectiveness to make more students derive benefit.

期望本研究之结果能提供学校、县市教育单位在教育经费分配与运用上，能有所帮助，让有限的教育经费妥善运用，发挥其最大的教育效用，让更多的学生受益。

In 1903, the Mancheng academy of classical learning was shifted to school, which was considered to be the beginning of Ningxia\'s modern education.and then the public education especially the Hui public education was modernized step by step with the joint efforts of Hui and Han for almost 30 years.

此后的近30年，宁夏普通教育，尤其是宁夏回族普通教育在多方人士的推动下，近代化教育逐渐开展。这一时期宁夏兴办学校，无不渗透着回汉各民族团结合作、共创教育未来的新气象。

For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the children proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever.

例 有一位教育督察想知道在一个庞大的学校系统中，如，有一位教育督察想知道在一个庞大的学校系统中，不吃早饭就上学的学生，吃早饭就上学的学生，已经做过防感冒免疫的学生，或其它任何类型的学生占多大比例。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。