学校教师

Tessie Naranjo and Sue-Ellen Jacobs have been directors of the Institute for about three years. One of the programs the Institute offers is for language teachers in the northern New Mexico pueblos. They teach children of all ages in area schools and adults at night.

这个学院所提供的项目中有一个是为北方新墨西哥普韦布洛印第安人培养语言教师的，这些教师在各个地区的学校里教各个年龄段的孩子们，并在晚上给成年人上课。

The study described the life stories of 'attacking cities' and 'sallying out' in the process of becoming and being a teacher, discussed the meanings about culture, psuchology and life, and explored the methodological issues of the narrative inquiry.

本文首先呈现参与者在成为正式教师前后各式「攻城」与「突围」的生命故事；其次，讨论各式学校文化结构下教师主体性的行动抉择、析解字我概念中自卑与自尊的交相纠结，加以反思此生命故事对於自我生命的意义与启示，包括「外在表象与内在自我从在著落差」、「烦恼悲哀为人生常态」、「得失互现、珍惜所有」、「宽恕体谅、包容自在」等；并对生命史叙说研究的各项议题，进行方法论的讨论；最后省悟「照见自我」、「重新活出生命」为生命史叙说研究之独具价值。

Development between teaching speciallity and teacher profession are corelative and interdependent.

与此同时，发展学校的管理和教学专长，这正是教师专业发展过程中的核心内容，以此推动教师教育的改革与发展。

First, analysized from objective angle, the causes of study holdbacks are related to the following three factors .The first factor is about textbook. The teaching aims and demands, teaching contents don't correspond with teaching time .Otherwise, the textbook itself is too difficult for the students. The second factor is about teachers. Teachers' ideas of education are not regular. Knowledge structure is not so reasonable . Teachers' teaching abilities should be improved. The third factor is that school is short of experimental resources. Second, analysized from students' subjective angle, the cause of study holdbacks have four types .

首先从客观角度分析，学生化学学习障碍的产生与如下三个因素有关：一是教材的原因，它包括培养目标要求、教学内容与教学时数不相匹配，教材本身过难；二是教师的原因，这一点主要体现在教师的教育思想不够端正，知识结构不尽合理，施教能力有待提高等三个方面；三是学校的原因，主要是指实验资源过于匮乏。

While I was waiting to enter university,I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.

在我在等待进入大学的时候，我读到地区报纸上的一则广告，在离我住处十英里的郊区有一个教师职业学校招聘教师。

Tsing Hua University is a school of new educational system of starting all over again Chinese educational system, suffers less burden of old Chinese society, and takes in more enlightened educational thinking of the Occident; the Department of Mathematics of the Tsing Hua University has perfect deans; the department made the cultivation of scientism, the training of scientific methods, and the creation of academic atmosphere run through its whole modern mathematical education; the department not only took high standards and rigorous demand to its faculty and students, but also persevered in a spirit of no sticking to one pattern to elevate person with ability; the faculty and students of the department possessed the spirits of constantly striving to become stronger and dealing with concrete matters relating to work; Tsing Hua University has perfect presidents and rectors of sciences college; Tsing Hua University had stable and abundant outlay at the initial stage.

清华数学系能够在短暂的数年内取得如此显著的成绩，主要与清华大学是一所在中国教育体系之外另起炉灶的新制学校，所负担旧社会的包袱较少，接受欧美先进的教育思想较多；清华数学系有理想的系主任；清华数学系将科学精神的培育与科学方法的训练，以及创造学术空气贯穿于它的整个现代数学教育的始终；清华数学系对教师与学生既高标准，严要求，同时对有特殊才能的人又具有敢于打破成规，&不拘一格&提拔人才的精神；清华数学系的许多教师与学生具有自强不息与实干的精神；清华具有理想的校长、理学院院长；清华初创时期拥有稳定充足的经费等因素密不可分。

Uniformity in the opinions expressed by teachers is not only not to be sought, but is, if possible, to be avoided, since diversity of opinion among preceptors is essential to any sound education.

我最感兴趣是这段常识，当然同样不适用於中国：在国立学校执教的男女教师，不应要求他们表达多数人的看法，尽管多数教师自然而然会这样做。

But most of the teacher is short of to self-life significance and the attention growing up, is short of one kind of consciousness that basic of the new education idea; And administrative evaluat...

但是，目前教师普遍缺乏对自己生命意义和成长的关注，缺乏一种建立在新的教育理念基础上的教学创新意识；而学校以分数为核心的管理评价制度，也制约了教师教学的创新。

System: Under the impact of examination mechanism, school competing for better ranking and high school enrolment rates was the focal concern of school leaders, teacher, and parents. School competition happened enrolment, grouping, teacher arrangement, and school or class regulations.

二、在制度面：现行升学制度，使得学校之间的升学率之竞争，成为校长与教师及学生家长关注的焦点，并且具体反应在招生入学、编班方式、班级教师安排、以及校规与班规等层面。

4Faculty members have a great deal of resistance to student ratings only if the results are shown in school publication.

教师认为「学生评鉴教师教学」结果不应该公布在学校的刊物上；学生则持中立意见。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。