学校建筑

Of 44 school buildings counted, 57 percent (25) were damaged beyond repair.

在调查到的44所学校建筑中，57%(25)的破坏程度使得其不可以修复。

In England, in 1948 Hertfordshire County Council founded the building consortium CLASP, which created the world-renowned school-building system of the same name.

1948，在英格兰赫特福特县议会创办了CLASP建筑协会，并创建与之同名的举世瞩目的学校建筑体系。

As originally constructed, Hogwarts was likely much smaller, perhaps about the size of a manor house.

随着时代的变迁和学生人数的增加，学校建筑相应地扩大了。

However, due to the decrease in governmental subsidy, the difficulties in the architectural maintenance in each school have become apparent. Shortages in budget as well as in maquette for prevention and maintenance and the disregard to precaution planning and scheming have directly led to the menace in school buildings and public safety, which calls for the public for further consideration.

由於政府财政日渐萎缩，补助学校预算逐年剧减，学校建筑的维护规划难度日益升高，短绌的预算、维护预测模型的缺乏、加上对预防规划与策略的漠视，已直接导致近期校舍加速劣化与校园公共安全危害等重大管理问题，亟待各界之正视与策略研究的提出。

This motivation of this report is to study the seismic capacity of school building by using the simple method and the capacity spectrum method.

中文摘要：本报告主要介绍如何运用一些简易评估方法及频谱容量曲线分析方法来评估学校建筑结构之耐震能力。

To deal with the issue of cultural fusion, Japanese government used meticulous ways to project images of symbolism in school architecture. For instance, schools were built near Shinto shrines. In Shinto shrines, Torii can be found. Torii is a conspicuous symbol to be associated with Japanese culture, and it is a way to reinforce the correctness of colonizing.

日本政府在处理文化融合的问题上就用了很细致的方法来突显学校建筑的象徵形式意象，例如将学校设置在靠近神社附近，藉由「鸟居」 Torii 这个显眼易於连结日本母国文化的象徵性符号，强化了殖民的正当性。

In this report, we first make a review of the retrofit methods in the literatures and provide design equations for retrofit of the beams and columns. Then we will use four school buildings as examples to design their ductility retrofits

文中先对文线上的补强工法作一回顾，并对梁及柱的韧性补强设计提出设计公式，在文后以四栋学校建筑为例，做出梁及柱的韧性补强设计。

However, the same symbol of school architecture is used for a different purpose in Taiwan: Torii is the image regarded as the entrance to the sacred space. Placing Torii around schools became a metaphor showing that "schools" are as sacred as "temples." In fact, during the occupation of Chin Dynasty, schools in Taiwan are derived from "temples." Going to school in temples had been a stereotype deep in people's mind. Although this symbol was similar to the way how European school buildings symbolized campanili of churches, the symbol of "colonizing" was emphasized.

但是，类似的学校建筑元素被放在台湾却有著不同意义：把代表神圣空间入口意象的「鸟居」，放在校园的外围旁，这同时也隐喻著「学校」也等同於「寺院」的神圣地位；事实上，在清朝据台时期，学校英文音译的发展就是从「寺庙」里产出：去寺庙就学的既定印象已深植民心，这种作法虽然略同於欧洲学校原型的教堂的钟塔宗教性象徵，但背后的「殖民」象徵却很清楚的被突显出来。

Courses range from college preparatory courses at the Advanced Placement or honors level, such as AP Calculus and AP Composition, which position a student well for admission to top-ranked American universities, to Pre-Engineering and Computer Technology courses, which prepare students to pursue degrees in architecture, engineering or IT.

Lyndon Institute有27座学校建筑，其中包括网络教室，科学实验室，图书馆多媒体中心，容纳650人的礼堂，250人的餐厅，2个设施完备的体育馆和一系列扩展运动设施。课程方面学校有AP荣誉水平的大学预备课程，如AP化学、AP微积分和AP写作，为我们的学生进入美国顶尖大学做好准备。

This essay aims to probe into the creation and identification of cultural symbols. Firstly, the relationship between development and symbolism of architectural forms in Taiwan through out different eras are sorted. Secondly, how the operation of school architectures has changed from the iconic form into the "space" analogical form is discussed through the study of Tannan Elementary School, which was built up in the mountain of Nantou after the 921 Earthquake. In the end of the essay, the unique architectural operation of another aboriginal school, Minho Elementary School, has demonstrated that the development of school architectures is still dominated by the cultural symbol of "political correctness" in Taiwan after the 921 Earthquake.

本文以「文化象徵」 Cultural Symbols 的创造与辨识为主题，先整理各个时期台湾建筑形式的发展与象徵性的紧密关系；然后以921地震后，在南投山村间出现的一间原住民小学 aboriginal elementary Tannan Elementary School 为研究对象，说明台湾学校建筑已从符号 iconic 象徵性的浅层操作开始进入「空间类型」类比化的建筑操作；文末另以一间原住民小学 Minho Elementary School 的回异操作方法，印证台湾在921地震后的这波学校建筑的发展，仍然被「政治正确」的文化表徵所支配。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。