学术研究

The contents summarized as follows: In the introduction part, the author puts forward the issue at first, and then neaten the academic studies of China and abroad which are on the similar subject, and make a representation about the general thoughts in research of this paper. The main body consists of five chapters.

论文的基本框架包括引言、正文和结论三部分，主要内容简述如下：引言部分首先提出问题，然后对国内外有关本课题理论研究进行学术梳理，并介绍论文研究的总体思路。

Autonomous navigation is always one of nodi of IVA research.

作为智能虚拟环境主要特征的智能虚拟主体是研究的核心问题之一，已经成为计算机图形学、虚拟环境、移动机器人、人工智能以及人工生命等多个学科领域的学术前沿和研究热点。

According to this research, the root mean square error could achieve ±1.156cm,±1.253cm and ±1.376cm by adopting hyperbolic mode, three times of the distance mode and distance square model. Its precision is good enough for engineering measurement. It provides not only the quicker methods to measure the orthometric height on survey engineer, but also a academic reference on regional geoid model

实验结果发现，经数学模式改正后双曲线模式、距离三次方模式及距离平方模式分别能达到±1.156cm、±1.253cm及±1.376cm合乎工程测量规范之标准，本研究在工程上不仅提供实务上快速测得正高的方法，於学术上亦可提供区域性大地起伏模型相关研究之参考。

Transpersonal psychology studies both the personal and what is beyond. It can be understood as melding of the wisdom of the world's spiritual traditions with the learning of modern psychology.

本文旨在以前人研究为基础，主要以1990年代以来的文献为根据，对超个人心理学这一西方心理学的新学派进行整合性的研究，试图揭示超个人心理学的基本理念，追溯其诞生的背景和学术渊源，探讨这一领域的主要理论和应用模型，在此基础上尝试评价这一学派的贡献与局限。

Third, most of Schwartz's energy went into the study of the history of Chinese thought, and his reflection on the western enlightenment was accomplished through his interpretation of the culture of Chinese thought. He used the method of "Weberian Verstehen" to interpret Mao Zedong, Yan Fu, Zhu Xi and even the pre-Qin thinkers of antiquity, thus he made many ground-breaking studies and interpretations of China's old tradition, the modern tradition, and the tradition inaugurated by Mao Zedong. Thus he provided rich academic resources for scholars in east and west, and, even more important, he can provide rich, manifold, detailed and deep local sources for the construction of the spiritual culture of China and for the moral culture of China, which are rapidly modernized.

第三、史华慈一生的精力主要用在中国思想史的研究上，他对西方启蒙的反思是经由他对中国思想文化的诠释而达成的，他对毛泽东、严复、朱熹到先秦诸子都采取别人难以企及的&韦伯式理解&，因此对中国的古老传统、中国近现代传统和毛泽东所开辟的传统，都做了了大量的开拓性研究与诠释，这不仅给中西学术界提供了丰富的学术资源，而且更主要的是可以给正在迅速现代化的中国思想文化与精神道德的建设，提供了极为丰富多彩且深刻细密的本土资源。

There are many academic fruits of the development of the City Clusters on Yangtze River Delta. It is few productions in studying the development of Nanjing's satellite cities as the system of "zonary cities". In 2004, the cities' governments of the City Clusters on Yangtze River Delta had extended the boundary of developing stratagems to extensive Yangtze River Delta.

对长江三角洲城市群发展研究的学术成果很多，但把南京市卫星城市发展以&带城&为体系来研究则没有见到。2004 年，长江三角洲城市群的城市政府已经把发展战略的边界延伸到&泛长江三角洲&。

During the period, six papers were published and one was included in SCI. A preliminary phylogenetic and zoogeographical study on some important and related genera were carried out and some important scientific names were corrected.

本项研究共发现中国新纪录属1个及一些中国新纪录种，已发表新种56个；在核心刊物上发表学术论文6篇，1篇被SCI收录；初步探讨了相关类群的系统发育和动物地理学问题，澄清了一些重要物种的学名，为织蛾科的生物多样性研究增加了很多新内容，为有关害虫的防治提供了基本依据。

The aspects of analysis involve research funding from the US federal government and the change in university knowledge production, diversification of the academic profession in the university, complexity of the internal structure of the research university, institutional autonomy and accountability, federalisation and privatisation of university research funding and global cooperation in university research teaching.

本研究通过伯克利加州大学的案例，从联邦政府研发投入与大学中知识生产的变革，大学学术职业的分化，研究型大学内部组织的复杂性，大学办学自主权与问责，大学经费的联邦化和私人化及大学科学研究与教学的全球性合作等几个方面剖析目前出现的全球性研究型大学的形成过程和发展特征。

VPN/VPDN computer management system is an integrated system which manages and maintains VPDN users and authenticates and billing.

VPN／VPDN计费管理软件的研究是一项具有重要学术价值和广泛的应用前景，是当今信息技术研究的新焦点。

Fifth: The period of recovery and prosperity After Cultural Revolution, Chinese archival research coruscated energy,developed quickly and took on a new look, which built up a new monument inarchival history.

六理论和观点的抽象性。近二十年来，我国档案学界越来越重视对档案学基本理论问题的研究，档案学研究成果的学术水平明显提高，思辨色彩日益浓厚。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。