学术界

People of the Zhou Dynasty,faith heavenly god ; altar to heavenly god ; wizards from the non Han nationalities living in the north and west in ancient times

帝是华夏民族古老的神灵，这是学术界较为一致的看法，而在天的起源问题上，学者间则存在较大的认识分歧。

According to the information grasped by author,there lacks the systematic and specialstudy on diplomatic policies of modern Egypt weather in international or in internal academicstudy.Moreover,the study of diplomatic policies of Nasser's age is still in the initial stage.However,the study of Nasser as the leader of nonalignment movement gives us a deep impression,in which of course did not lack the study on Nasser's diplomatic policies,but as a whole therelacks the systematic study.

据笔者掌握的情况，国内学术界尚缺乏对埃及外交进行系统而专门的研究，而对纳赛尔时代埃及外交的研究也处在一种起步的阶段，与这种情况形成对比的倒是对纳赛尔作为不结盟运动领袖人物的研究，使人们对纳赛尔保持着深刻的印象，这当中固然不乏对纳赛尔外交政策的论说，但总体上看仍缺乏较为系统的研究。

In previous studies, academics have looked at variables like years of education and the effects of outside forces such as nondiscrimination policies.

在此前进行的研究中，学术界已经对诸如教育年限以及不歧视政策等外部力量的影响等变量进行过研究。

The author attempts to discuss the criteria of administrative nonfeasance by police officers by means of cases.

近年来，学术界对于行政不作为违法问题的探讨理论方面较多，结合实际案例的研究则较为薄弱。

Boao Forum for Asia is an internationa l conventional organization with features of nonofficial,nonprofit. The forum provides a high-level dialogue platform to discuss Asian affairs for leaders from governments,business and academe.

博鳌亚洲论坛是一个非政府、非营利的国际组织，目前已成为亚洲以及其他大洲有关国家政府、工商界和学术界领袖就亚洲及全球重要事务进行对话的高层次平台。

In ChapterⅠ, we first define the connotation of bank efficiency, then emphasize the two major measuring methods—Data Envelopment Approach of nonparametric estimation and Stochastic Frontier Analysis of parametric estimation,which are used extensively in this field , and the ways of defining the put-in and put- out indexes for the efficiency measurement models.

正文的第一部分首先对银行效率的内涵进行了界定，然后重点介绍了国内外学术界应用较为广泛的效率测度理论与方法(参数估计的DEA方法与非参数估计的SFA方法)和效率测度模型中投入与产出变量的界定方法。

Both productive labor and nonproductive labor could either create value or not create value.

关于非生产性劳动是否创造价值，在学术界存在着不同的观点。

Proper attention should be paid to Shangyang's obscurant thought in the circle of scholars because it had profoundly affected culture,thought and politics throughout the history of China's feudal societies.

商鞅的愚民思想对中国封建社会的政治思想文化产生过长远而又深刻的影响，应当引起学术界的重视。

This is a sad conclusion, for much of the church today is effectively committed to these more or less mistaken methods, and a great part of the academic theological community lines up to stop people embracing method 1 as God-wrought spiritual instinct would lead them to do, lest they lapse into some form of obscurantism.

这是一个令人难过的结论，因为，今天教会的大部份人士以这些错误的解经方法为信念，而神学学术界纷纷阻止人们采取第一种方法(笔者注：即上述正统的方法)，不让人们认为，这种方法是神在我们心中所动的带领之工，是一个属灵的直觉。这些学者很怕人们会因此堕在死守传统主义里。

And they have helped keep alive, amid a media-driven frenzy of uncritical popular acceptance of outlandish nonsense plus postmodernist-driven obscurantism in too many parts of academia, the true scientific spirit toward claims of knowledge.

怀疑探索者》杂志今年第三期，其主编撰写的社论写道：在媒体驱使之下，出现了轻易接受荒谬绝伦的事物的普遍狂热，在后现代主义者的驱使下，学术界的许许多多部分被蒙昧主义占据，在这双重包围下，他们在面对知识声称时，帮助真正的科学精神得以存活。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。