学术环境

Academic ecology which has the character of nature and society is complicated interactional entia among academy and academy, academy and its environment.

"学术生态"是指学术与学术、学术与其环境之间相互作用而形成的复杂统一体。它具有自然和社会的双重属性。

By and large, research projects undertaken by the Group fall into three categories. The first is geotechnical properties and prevention of geological hazards, with the stress on researches on dynamic properties of marine soil, coast-beach erosion and seabed failure, sediment reformation by benthonic fauna, failure of submarine pipelines, environmental geotechnical techniques, etc. The second is research on pollution and treatment of water and soil, with the stress on researches on ecological effects of exploitation activities in the marine environment, treatment of beach sediment pollution, treatment techniques of sea organism pollution, groundwater PRB treatment technique development, etc. The third is exploration of underground environment and geophysical data processing techniques, with the stress on devising equipment for detecting underground pollution and geological hazards, environmental GIS (Geographical Information System) and related analysis software, etc.

学术团队开展的研究课题大体上分三类：第一类课题是岩土体性质与灾害防治，侧重于海洋土动力特征研究，岸滩侵蚀与海床破坏研究，海洋底栖生物对沉积物改造研究，海底管线失稳研究，环境岩土工程技术研究等；第二类课题是水土污染过程与治理研究，侧重于海洋开发活动的生态环境效应研究，海滩沉积物污染治理研究，海水生物污染治理技术研究，地下水PRB治理技术开发等；第三类课题是地下环境探测技术与软件开发研究，侧重于地下环境污染与灾害探测设备的研制，环境地理信息系统，专业性应用软件的开发等。

As an academic leader, Professor Yu Weihan, together with other researchers, has controlled the mass-outbreak of Keshan Disease in the countryside of China during the recent 60 years. Nutrition biogeochemistry theory, which is posed by Professor Yu, is accepted by in and out the science circles. Literatures about keshan disease, such as Type, diagnosis and treatment, delimiting standards of endemic areas, pathologic diagnosis, epidemiology, further more, Chinese Journal of Endemiology, environment graphs of endemic disease of the People's Republic of China and internal medicine, which are drafted and edited by Professor Yu, are guidance of prevention and treatment and scientific researches of Keshan Disease in China, and meanwhile facilitate the researches of endemic diseases in China and international academic communication.

於维汉近60年来作为学术带头人，他和广大科研工作者一道控制了猖獗於我国农村的克山病；他的营养生物地球化学病因学说，被国内外科学界所接受；他起草主编的克山病《分型、诊断与治疗》、《病区划定标准》、《病理诊断》及《中国地方病学杂志》、《中华人民共和国地方病於环境图集》、《内科学》等指导和推动了我国克山病的防治和科研工作，同时促进了我国的地方病研究和国际学术交流。

Starting from the discussion of historical conditions for the school coming into being and the background of world trend of thought,the article e XP ounds the interaction or excitation mechanism between Western newhistoriography and Marxist historiography,which was the important academicpremise for the emergence and development of the British Marxisthistoriographic school.

该学派形成与发展的重要学术前提，在于西方新史学与马克思主义史学之间的交互作用和互动机制，而学派奠立及其学术创新的背景层级，则依赖于当时国内外的社会政治(教学案例，试卷，课件，教案)、社会心理思潮和学术文化机制等重要社会环境资源。

To the international competitiveness of academic academic, the storage quantity of resources of advanced knowledge mirror the competitiveness of resources of academic profession, the increasing quantity and the value of advanced knowledge reflect the competitiveness of academic delivering of the academic profession, the flowing direction and international prestige of advanced knowledge reflect the attraction and the international force of academic profession, systems of colleges reflect its competence, the zoology of advanced knowledge reflects the environmental force of academic profession, their relationships mirror the forming mechanism of the competitive advantage of academic profession, the bestirring model of international competitiveness of academic profession is consitituted on base of it.

对于学术职业的国际竞争力来说，高深知识的资源存量反映的是学术职业资源的竞争力，高深知识的增量与价值反映的是学术职业的学术竞争力，高深知识的流向和国际声望反映的是学术职业的职业吸引力和国际影响力，高等学校系统反映的是高等学校竞争力，高深知识的生态反映的是学术职业的环境影响力，它们的相互关系反映了学术职业国际竞争优势的形成机制，并在此基础上构成学术职业国际竞争力的激励模型。

originating in academe and practice respectively at the very beginning, american higher education assessment has become quite popular as academic study and practice are more and more intervolved.

美国高等教育评估是在实践和学术研究两个相互独立的环境中各自萌芽的，随着学术研究和实践需要之间日益频繁的深度互动而逐步流行。

Sports such as re-education teachers, physical education teachers the incentive system and create a sports academic environment.

如体育教师再教育、体育教师的激励体制和营造体育学术环境。

Also , a more practical style of study and attention on scholar research; research direction adjusted timely, research areas opened up unceasingly and much deeper content; theory and method research with innovation, fashion research interdisciplinary, flourish research with demonstration; the research troop expands unceasingly, high school becomes the main research force; more attention to scholar exchange, Chinese and foreign histories developing mutually.

认为，近些年来国内中国近代史研究的特点和发展趋向主要表现在：研究环境日趋宽松，学风更趋实际，更加注重学术研究；研究方向适时调整，领域不断拓展，内容不断深入；创新研究理论与方法，跨学科研究时尚，实证研究兴盛；研究队伍不断壮大，高校成为主要研究力量；注重学术交流，中外史学互动发展。

Students who have completed the required courses can have access to the choice of over thirty optional courses ranging from tool-using training, to interest extending studies and comprehensive researches. These courses are elaborately designed to extend the students' scope of knowledge in their preferred field and give chances for special-field teachers to teach. We run a Nankai Forum joined by specialists of science and humanities on a regular basis to refresh the academic air and stimulate the students to learn further and wider. We publish the school journal Nankai Teaching Research to help teaching and research. We hold lecture contests among teachers for academic exchange and improvement. We also arrange for students to edit publications, make investigations, and practise socially to create a special atmosphere of learning.

在各年级开齐开足必修课的基础上，学校每学期都开设既严谨又开放的基础工具、兴趣拓展、综合探究等类型的选修课30余门，让老师的专攻有用武之地，学生的个性爱好有拓展的空间；设立&南开讲坛&，定期请来在相关领域有知名度和学术水平的专家学者，科学传导和人文渗透并重，营造在科学观念指导下的文化环境，激发他们对学术殿堂的景仰和向往；定期编辑学术刊物《南开教研》，丰富学术研究的舞台；组织教师基本功优质课比赛，营造交流探讨、学术争论的氛围；组织学生编期刊、搞社会调查、进行社会实践等，建构南开特有的学术氛围。

These two systems represent the largest supercomputing installations in an academic setting.

这两种制度，是为数最多的超级装置，在一个学术环境。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。