学术性的

On the other hand, seen from the origin of spirit, the Chinese culture circles of the 80s in the last century were full of "academic" meditation and "avant-garde" movements. In the 90s, commercial "egocentrism" and "globalization" from the West were flaunted. In the 21st century, the value judgment of individual survival is dominated by alternative scenes of consumerism, media, technology, visualization, regulations and networks. Such historic reforms will only produce more possibility of seeking to spiritually unscramble oneself on the condition of sharing cultural resources.

另一个角度，从精神本源上考察，20世纪80年代的中国文化界充满了"学术性"反思与"新潮性"运动，90年代又标榜着商业"中心主义"的和西方"全球一体化"，进入21世纪，错综复杂的消费化、媒介化、技术化、图像化、制度化、网络化的交互情景主导了个体性生存的价值判断，如此的历史沿革，所产生的只能是在文化资源共享情况下寻找自我精神解读的更大可能性。

Thespiritual contract between the university and the intellectuals implies that the universityspirit is commeasurable with the intellectuals spirit, and they are usually illustrated asfreedom, independence and criticism.

在宗教成为社会主导力量之后，神学信仰与自治是大学与宗教发生作用的集中表现；当政治成为社会的主要干预力量时，大学面临着如何统一国家本位与学术本位的矛盾；当经济是社会发展的重要筹码时，大学极端地膨胀了服务功能，充当着服务站的社会角色。大学的本性——学术性与教育性决定了自由、独立和批判精神是大学应&执守&的精神。

Photography keeps ahead in ahead and exploration, curation is a new phenomenon in photography created by the scientific and technological development and the art market's continuous expansion in the context of globalization Planning a standard and academic exhibition will display artiste' existing state in their creating field, and inspire their potentials for creation as well.

摄影在变革与探索中不断前行，策展则是在一种全球化视野的选择，是随着科技的发展与艺术市场的不断拓展而产生的一种摄影新现象。策划规范和学术性强的展览将会呈现摄影艺术家在创作领域的现实状态，激发艺术家的创作潜能。

This General Theory of Fine Arts, which appeared in several editions, has been disparaged on account of its pedantic arrangement, but it is clear, comprehensive and learned, and had a considerable importance in its time.

后来，由于受拉康伯所编的《美的艺术小词典》影响，苏尔泽打算编一本更大的德文《美的艺术词典》，其中有关美的艺术的总论所具有的综合特征和学术性，在当时有着重要的影响。

In 1999, we began to sort out the research results and carry out the second-round experiment. The original aim of this research project is to resolve the problems in actual situation and sets up a bridge between problems and experience, so that educational research can play a particular role in the teaching practice. It is a dynamic process of practice—problem settling---reparctice---problem resettling.

本课题的研究本身是一项行动研究，是由实际工作人员和研究者合作进行的，将实际工作者的实践活动与研究者的学术性探究活动相互联系的一种研究活动，具体而言是在上海市实验学校领导的支持下，由学校老师共同参与共同进行的一项研究。1997年度和1998年度学校连续两年将小学和初中阶段进行的综合模块课程研究立为学校的科研项目，1999年度课题进入研究成果的整理阶段并开始进行第二轮实验。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐