学术上

A:Most of us had been in bed awhile when suddenly Helen said that she had read a thesis on teaching methods, written by Prof. Wang in an academic periodical at the national rank in the college library.

当我们大多数人已经上了床时，海伦突然说她在学校图书馆里的一份国家级学术刊物上读到了汪教授写的一篇论教学法的论文。

Comparing with most scholars prevail optimism, some scholars appeal to think in the deliberative way, and to explore deeply the relation of them. The theory of the relation between civil society and democratization is expanding and developing, but inevitably there are some shortcoming and weak point, for example, the arrogant of western centralist, the exist of restrict limiting and academic obstacles, the widening of conception and confuse of theory.

当代西方公民社会与民主化关系理论的总体态势在横向上日益拓宽领域，在纵向上也不断深化研究，但某种程度的偏执与狭隘却在所难免，如西方中心主义的傲慢、区域局限与学术壁垒的存在、概念的宽泛与理论的混乱等。

Taking into account the large number of information contained in authoritative journal about the History of Science, while avoiding the unreliability of results concluded by a single journal, through analyzing the contents metrically from 1993 to 2005 in three most authoritative journals on History of Science (ISIS, History of Science , British Journal for the History of Science), the paper displayed detailedly the microcosmic orbits of History of Science, revealed the hot points and hold the trends from the macrocosm and provided evidence and theoretical support for Historiography of Science. This will undoubtedly have an important academic value and theoretical significance.This article has three parts.

考虑到权威期刊所蕴涵的大量的科学史信息，同时避免单一期刊研究结论的不可靠性，本文选取国际上最权威的三份科学史综合期刊《爱西斯》、《科学史》、《英国科学史杂志》(British Journal for the History of Science)，对1993-2005年的内容进行计量分析，详细地展示这十多年来科学史研究的微观发展过程，并在三者计量结果进行相互比较印证的基础上，揭示科学史研究热点及发展脉络，从宏观上把握科学史研究的学术走向，对科学史研究重点的调整提供证明与借鉴，并为科学编史学的研究提供理论支持。

To overcome this methodological difficulty, in other words, to guarantee the writing of 'the history aesthetical culture'to be a contribution in a scientific sense rather than some sort of paronomasia, this article has to, on two different latitudes, break up the obstacles left by the academic research in the past.

为了克服这一方法论意义上的难点，也就是说，为了使"审美文化史"的写作并非沦为一种文字上的游戏而富有学科意义上的贡献，本文必须在两个不同的纬度上打破以往学术研究的壁垒和障碍。

In the 1970s,influenced by the feminis t movement,the new social history,post-modernism and other academic t rends,researchers focussed their a ttention on the study of theshe historyand crowned it with quick success.

美国西部妇女史近半个世纪的探索与妇女研究发展轨迹相当。70年代受女性主义运动及新社会史、后现代主义等学术思潮的影响，研究者们致力于&她史&，使得该研究得到了迅速的发展。80年代以后，女性研究的焦点转入社会性别理论，西部妇女史的研究中也广泛采用这一分析范畴，同时强调西部妇女多元文化的历史背景。90年代以来，随着理论的不断深化和史料的丰富，该研究从微观上强调西部妇女的族裔、文化、阶级、职业等的差异，从宏观上强调全新意义上的&两性史&，即要求在一个新的历史基准体系之下对各种妇女群体作出价值评估，并将妇女的历史编入西部历史之中。

Age structure is young teacher is too much; professional ranks and titles structure is absent high professional ranks; educational structure is raising step and step, but no doctor degree teacher; area structure is reasonable, teacher graduate is concentrating one or two college and university, it is not good for academic circles and development. Scientific research ability is obviously sufficient. Teaching ability is competent undergraduate course, but main courses are taught by serener ranks teacher; teachers is confidence in professional training ability.

在年龄特征上，年青教师比例偏高；在职称结构上，高职称教师比例偏低；在学历结构上，高学历比例在逐年提高，无博士学位教师，在提高学历结构的道路上还有很长的路要走；在学缘结构上，基本合理，但省内高校毕业的教师过分集中于一两所学校，不利于学术的交流与发展；在科研能力上，明显不足；教学能力，基本能够胜任本科教学的需要，但有初级职称担任主干课程的现象，会对教学质量产生一定的影响；在对训练能力和专业技术水平上，教师对自己充满信心。

There were six patens of invention in this study, and three of them were approved, one opened, two in applicating for. The achievement obtained the second rate award of national scientific technology invention. 39 pieces of paper were published on the domestic or over sea academic journals or magzines.

项目研究过程中，完成国家发明专利6项，其中授权3项、公开1项、申请2项；获国家软件版权1项；获2005年教育部提名国家科学技术发明奖二等奖1项；在国内外学术刊物上发表学术论文39篇。

Luojiwen not only carry modern ideas , but also affect the New Vernacular Literature by its logical expressions.

&逻辑文&标志着现代科学论理的学术文形成，客观上实现了学术文和文学散文的剥离，作为新文学运动的&负性背景&的意义也值得深思。

In recent years, he hosted or participated in some research projects which were sponsored by government of different level, and published many disquisitions about event management. In this way, he has a certain influence in the field of sports event research domestically.

近年来，其主持和参与了国家级、省部级和上海市体育局等体育赛事研究的科研课题，在国内学术刊物和学术会议以及报刊上发表了许多有关体育赛事管理研究的论文和相关文章，在国内体育赛事研究领域里具有一定的影响。

Wang live in one of Beijing's many gated high-rises designed for urban professionals; their joint studio is an antiques-filled farmhouse on the outskirts of the city, where, with a small staff of seamstresses, Ms.

尧小锋介绍道，国外策展人一般都是从商业利益考量，选择在学术评价上比较能够&站住脚&的艺术家，从而树立学术权威，给市场提供判断标准。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐