学术

In chapter 2, study on spin-labelled fluorophore as a fluorescent probe for free radicals was carried out.

该章研究成果的学术意义在于为生物活性自由基的研究提供了新的研究思路和表征技术。

This paper covers the following items of the crime of corruption: the definiens of corruption crime and the legislative evolution, the subject of corruption, the joint offender, conviction and its limits, legal sentence of corruption crime and legislative suggestions. Meanwhile, some focal points of the academic circle concerning the crime of corruption is interpreted, such as the definiens of corruption crime, conviction of the accomplice, means of calculating criminal amounts. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the different, academic points of view. It is there fore necessary to redefine the crime, the act of corruption in a narrow and in broad sense. The author proposes that the criminal liability of the accomplice should be investigated under the principle of joint taking the liability, while distinguishing their respective degrees of taking the liability so as to determine their criminal liability deserving of taking. Corruption crime's legal sentence breaks the three basic principles of the Criminal Law of PRC in nature, i. e. principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime; principle of suiting responsibility, punishment to crime; principle of equality before the law.

文章论及的内容包括：贪污罪的概念和立法演变，贪污罪的主体认定，贪污罪中的共同犯罪认定，贪污罪与相关犯罪的界限，贪污罪的刑法适用及立法完善；同时文章也对现在学术界争论的焦点问题，如贪污罪的概念、贪污罪共犯认定、贪污罪中各共同犯罪人的犯罪数额的计算，进行了不同学术观点的比较，分析了各种观点的利弊，对于贪污罪的概念重新予以认识，归纳了狭义贪污罪和广义贪污罪；提出在追究共同犯罪人的刑事责任时，应坚持共同负责的原则，同时区分各共同犯罪人在共同犯罪中所起作用的大小，以确定他们应承担的刑事责任；分析了刑法典中贪污罪法定刑设置存在的不足，认为贪污罪法定刑的设置从根本上违反了刑法三大基本原则，即罪行法定原则，罪责刑相适应原则以及刑法面前人人平等的原则，而且贪污罪法定刑的设置还存在其他一些问题，如附加刑包括罚金刑和没收财产刑等设置不当。

However, this is not a vindication of folk wisdom over the pointy-heads.

然而，这并不证明大众智慧就胜过学术智慧。

We publish 14 papers in the academic periodicals and conferences, and a monograph on footmark recognition.

在学术期刊和会议发表论文14篇，出版专著一部。

This idea of Further Optimization of Prescription or FOP, should become an important concept in the modern study of traditional Chinese medicines.

界定研究理念的内涵，明确其研究方向，探索解决这类问题的研究模式与方法，对于继承中医药理论与实践的精华，发展中医药学术，提高有效中药复方的疗效水平，具有重要的意义。

He knew that as a wildlife artist, I'd sketched many birds, written and illustrated a botany and forager's guide, even lectured at the Museum of Natural History and taught at the Smithsonian Institution.

他很清楚我是一个野生生物艺术家。迄今我已经在现场画过许多鸟类，而且编写了一本配有图示的植物学与植物寻找者指南，甚至还在自然历史博物馆做过学术报告，也曾在史密森学会教授过相关课程。

For Sin-western cultural conflict in modern time, Wang Guo-wei made significant contribution in Realm Theory at the base of the foregoer's achievement,which has affected by western academic.

作为中国近代著名的学术大师，王国维在中国文学批评史上做出了卓越的贡献，留下了《红楼梦评论》、《人间词话》、《宋元戏曲史》等文学批评著作。

The enterprise value maximization is the business goal that has foresightedness, complexity and substantiality, it is not only widely accepted in the sphere of learning, but also gets the great support in reality.

企业价值最大化是一个具有前瞻性、复合性、实在性的企业目标，不仅在学术领域得到广泛认同，也在实践中得到有力支持。

It is important not to confuse in formal and more academic language, or use words which are inappropriate.

这句话的意思就是，不要混淆了正式语言和更多的学术语言，或者适当的使用语言。

Such claim incarnates the mainstream academic principle of formalist economics .

其背后体现的是形式主义的主流经济学的学术理路。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。