学制

In the course of the development of high school, the NEA organized some committees on the function, curriculum and school system of high school.

在美国中学发展的过程中，全国教育协会曾就中学的功能、课程以及学制等问题成立一些专门委员会，并进行了卓有成效的工作，对中学的发展提出了许多富有建设性的意见，从而极大地推动了美国中学的发展。

The result shows that: with the expansion of teacher education space, the reform and development of Chinese teacher education is much closer or equal to that of the international teacher education. The transitional stage and education reform in China puts forward a new demand for P. E. talents. The innovation as to education object, specification and curriculum arrangement raised in P. E. Curriculum Arrangement for Chinese Universities with four-year Program published in 2003 meets such a demand, and narrows the gap of education development in high P. E. academy between China and foreign countries. P. E. teachers abroad are usually cultivated by comprehensive universities, the cultivating objectives are verified, and generalists adapted to social development are emphasized. Cultivating mode abroad are various, with "open-type" or "non-directional type" as the main mode, and 4-year program, 5-year program, and 3-year program serve as the main form of education system. Curriculum arrangement abroad stresses general education, with foundationalization, normalization, objectification, optionalization, miniaturization, internationalization and syntheticalization as its characteristics and it employs credit system. The close-typed cultivating mode of P. E. academies in China should be gradually transformed into open-type or multi-type, cultivating generalists instead of specialists, and further constructing a new one with several cultivating types co-existing. Orientation of P.E. teachers in China should follow standard principle, coordination principle, experience principle and resource principle. To improve P.E teacher education in China, the following measures can be taken: relevant laws and regulations should be made for orientation; P.E teachers" training organization should be encouraged to participate in orientation; extension and connotation of P.E. teacher education should be expanded; resources should be optimize; systematic P.E. teachers" orientations should be organized;"Life P.E. Teacher Qualification "should be changed; useful-life should be set for P. E. teacher qualification; P.E. teacher qualification should be regularly authenticated; On-job training of P. E. teachers abroad tends to be systematic, but in China P.E. teachers" on-job training and prevocational training are separated; therefore measures must be taken to change this circumstance and thus speed up the systematic process. Factors concerning constructing a new system of P. E teachers are the following: reconstructing resources, making P.E. teachers" cultivation, orientation and training systematic, establishing a mechanism for encouragement and punishment, making school-based training and college training systematic, and setting up a mechanism combining directional training with non-directional training.

研究结果表明：随着教师教育革新空间的拓展，我国体育教师教育的改革与发展水平逐步与国际体育教师教育发展趋于接轨化。2003年颁布的《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》在培养目标和规格、课程设置上的创新性，适应了我国社会转型和教育改革对体育教育专业人才的需求，进一步缩小了与国外高等体育院系教育发展的差距；国外体育教师一般由综合性大学或文理多科性大学培养，培养目标多向化，以培养适应社会发展的通才型人才为主；培养模式灵活多样，多数以"开放型"或"非定向型"培养模式为主，学制多以4年制、5年制、3年为主；课程设置上注重通识教育，突出基础化、师范化、针对化、选修化、小型化、国际化和综合化特点，实行完全学分制的教育管理制度；我国普通高校体育教育本科专业人才培养模式应该由封闭性转向开放式混合型的人才培养模式转变，由专才型转向复合型人才培养模式转变，构建多种类型并存的人才培养模式；我国体育教师入职教育革新应遵循的原则是本位原则、协同原则、经验原则和时间与资源原则，改进措施有：做好入职教育的法规化、制度化建设，激励体育师资培育机构参与体育教师的入职教育，拓展体育教师教育的外延和内涵，优化整合资源，系统组织体育教师的入职教育，改变体育教师资格"终身制"，设定体育教师资格有效期限，推行教师资格定期认证制度等；国际上体育教师在职培训体系显现了体育教师教育一体化的发展取向，但我国体育教师的在职培训与职前培养存在分离性，必须采取改革措施，加速我国体育教师教育的一体化进程；构建体育教师教育新体系的实施要素是：重组资源配置，实现体育教师培养、入职和培训一体化，建立奖惩机制，实现校本与院校培训一体化，建立体育教师定向与非定向培养培训有机结合机制。

This article sorts out the experiences in and lessons from the development of China s school system reform .

本文梳理了当代中国学制改革的发展历程和其中的经验教训特别是存在的问题。

The Public School system is often seen to be the sacred cow of the upper classes.

公学制常常被看作是上层阶级神圣不可侵犯的事物。

The sampling population of this study is girls at five-year, two-year, four-year and two-year technology of a selected college of commerce in Taipei City in stratified random sampling selection with class as sampling unit. A total of 424 girls are included in the formal survey and 405 valid questionnaires collected.

本研究以国立台北市某技术学院在学日间部五专、二专、四技、二技等学制女学生为抽样母群，采分层随机丛集取样方式，以班级为取样单位，正式施测时共抽取424人，有效问卷405份。

Faced social shape of "Three groups" and the various unadapted conditions in present vocational education, vocational education chooses the strategy, including diversified levels, comprehensive methods, plural models and flexible length of schooling.

面对"三元"社会态势及当前职业教育对社会发展的种种不适应，职业教育选择层次多样化、方式综合化、模式多元化、学制弹性化的对策。

Personal brief introduction 个人简历 Name:Chengnan date of birth:In 1984 September 07th Sex:Male marriage:Single Height:163 CM weight:54KG Graduate a college:Fukien dragon rock a life time section technique school profession:The machine electricity integral whole turns profession The work grow:Molding tool benchwork Oneself graduated from the dragon rock a life time section technique school machine electricity integral whole to turn professional educational system for two years in 2002 the course learn had in the school 《the car work craft 》《the machine graphics 》《the machine foundation 》《the metals material and hot processing 》《the electrician learn 》wait more than ten courses.

个人简历姓名：陈楠出生日期：1984年09月07日性别：男婚姻：未婚身高：163CM 体重：54KG 毕业院校：福建龙岩世科技术学校专业：机电一体化专业工种：模具钳工本人2002年毕业于龙岩世科技术学校机电一体化专业学制两年在校所学课程有《车工工艺》《机械制图》《机械基础》《金属材料与热处理》《电工学》等十几门课程。

Preschool education is an elemental stage of the educational system in China, and is an indiscerptible part of our country's basic education.

学前教育是我国学制的基础阶段，也是我国基础教育的有机组成部分。

From 1991 onwards its calculation has taken account of the age of entry and the lenth of schooling prevailing

从1991年起入学率是按各地不同入学年龄和学制分别计算的。

The issue of " polycentric institution of universities" is one of the edge-cutting problems which are waiting to be probed into in higher education.

&多中心大学制序&是高等教育研究领域一个尚待探索的前沿问题之一。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了