学习

The objectives of this research were students on third grade in junior high school whose study achievements were low. This research defined learning attitude as:"the attitude of learning contents","the attitude toward the teacher","the attitude toward school","the attitude toward selfhood". The research last one year by observing in teaching, using teacher's self-examination, students' learning papers, learning feeling questionary, and interview. The result were that thematic teaching improved the learning attitude of low study achievements students, and the degree of acceptancy of those students was high.

本研究以国中三年级学业成就较差的一个班级学生为研究对象，将学习态度界定为「对学习内容的态度」、「对教师的态度」、「对同侪的态度」、「对学校的态度」、「对自我的态度」五方面，研究历经一年完成；利用教学中的观察、教师反省日志、学生学习资料、学习感受问卷和访谈得知，运用主题式教学法可改善低学业成就学生的学习态度，且低学业成就学生对主题式教学活动的接受度也相当高。

Under the condition of the new curriculum, from the angle of improving students' development, the strategies of effective teaching should concentrate on the personal differentiation, students learning strategies and methods, and foals on students' all-round development.

新课程条件下，有效教学的策略应该从促进学生发展的角度出发，关注学生的个别差异，关注学生的学习策略、学习方法，关注学生的全面发展，以自主学习、探究学习、反思性学习为主要学习方式。

Reflective learning is a new type learning method, which improves students' learning abilities by introspecting their learning activity course. It aims to promote students to learn how to study, and further students' development.

反思性学习指通过对学习活动过程的反思来学习以提高学生学习能力的新型学习方式，它以促进学生学会学习为目的，并能促进学生的发展。

Letters are beginning to learn English, but also can be called the initial stage, many students feel that learning the letters does not matter, just in passing, music allowed, no matter what, strokes do not even okay, this is actually learning English in the a big misunderstanding, because of the letter learning is the first step in learning English, we must pay special attention to.

首先，不要忽视字母的学习。26个字母是学习英语的开端，也可称之为起步阶段，许多同学觉得字母的学习无关紧要，只需一带而过，音不准，没关系，笔顺不对更没关系，其实这是英语学习中的一大误区，正因为字母学习是学习英语的第一步，我们才更要加倍关注。

On the basis of Attribution Theory and existing researches on the SELD, this thesis conducts an investigation and gets some conclusions from it: SELD's English learning inefficiency is influenced mostly by their English teachers externally and by learning motivation, learning interests, learning emotion and learning strategies of students themselves internally.

本文以归因理论和许多专家学者关于学习困难学生问题的研究成果为基础，通过调查得到结论：学习困难学生形成的原因主要集中在以教师教育影响为表现的外因上和以学生自身的学习动机、学习兴趣、学习情感和学习策略影响为表现的内因上。

With respect to the traditional face-to-face education, distance education has the following salient features: in the entire study period, quasi-permanent separation of teachers and students; educational institutions or organizations through the learning materials and support services both to students influence; use Contact teachers and students a variety of technical media and carry course content; to provide two-way communication; in the entire study period, the quasi-permanent and not a collective learning, students mainly as an individual in learning, social and teaching in order to carry out the necessary purpose of the meeting.

相对于传统的面授教育，远程教育有这样几个显著的特征：在整个学习期间，师生准永久性地分离；教育机构或组织通过学习材料和支持服务两方面对学生的学习施加影响；利用各种技术媒体联系师生并承载课程内容；提供双向通信交流；在整个学习期间，准永久性地不设学习集体，学生主要是作为个人在学习，为了社交和教学目的进行必要的会面。

The results showed that, on code evaluation performance, the effect of self-explanation was not significant between groups, but high prior knowledge learners outperformed low prior knowledge learners. On code generation performance, the guiding-question group outperformed the principle- prompt group and the control group. And the high prior knowledge group scored significantly higher than the low prior knowledge group. Finally, on the analysis of attitudes toward self-explanation activities, the guiding-question group showed more positive acceptance than the principle-prompt group.

研究结果发现：(1)在程式评估问题上，自我解释学习活动对学习成效没有显著影响，但高先备知识组则显著优於低先备知识组；(2)在程式设计问题上，问题引导组显著优於其余二组，高先备知识组亦显著优於低先备知识组；(3)在学习态度方面，问题引导组对自我解释学习活动的接纳程度和学习成效的看法上，皆显著高於原则提示组；两组对自我解释学习活动难度的看法则无显著差异。

In order to alter the situation, the key point is to shift from we are req...

要改变这一状况，关键是要以变&要我学习宪法学&为&我要学习宪法学&为一个重要目标，始终把宪法学当作生活之学，始终把学习宪法学这样一种要求与学习主体的愿望紧密结合，始终把学习宪法学这样一种活动与学习主体的生活紧密结合。

Also the convergence of temporal difference method is discussed. The method is put forward that Neural Network is used to implement multiaction Adaptive Heuristic Critic and Q-learning first, and then the five methods that can speed up the reinforcement learning are presented in allusion to slow learning speed of reinforcement learning system, they are quantisation of input space, local approximating neural network used to realize the reinforcement learning system, synthesis reinforcement learning algorithm, action model and prior knowledge.

针对强化学习系统学习速度较慢的问题，提出了提高强化学习速度的5种方法，即输入空间的量化方法、采用局部逼近神经网络实现强化学习系统方法、采用强化学习综合学习算法和利用动作模型及先验知识等方法，通过仿真实验验证了所提出方法的有效性。

Main points of the situated learning theory are as followsemphasizing the importance of the context of learning ; emphasizing the students' active exploring and experienching: emphasizing the interaction, participation, and sharing of learning activities ; emphasizing the enculturation process ; and emphasizing the learning model of the congnitive apprentice.

其要点为：强调学习情境的重要性、重视主动探索操作与经验学习学习、强调学习活动的真实纯正性、重视学习互动参与和分享、重视学习者从边缘参与到核心参与的涵化学习过、以及提倡认知学徒制的教学模式等。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。