学习

The learning formation has limitedly integrated the privileged learning subjects, limitative learning content and prescriptive learning methods.

学校学习以特定的学习主体、规定的学习内容和限定的学习方式实现着人与文化的自觉的"有限"整合。

From the matrix theory and the general principle of the iterative convergence of the linear coupled equations, this dissertation firstly proved the sufficient necessary convergent conditions for CMAC batch learning as well as the necessary convergent conditions for CMAC incremental learning, in which no additive conditions were needed. The past researchers'conclusions under the special condition of the positive articulation matrix are generalized and improved.

从矩阵理论和线性方程组迭代收敛的一般性原理出发，首次在不附加特殊条件的情况下，证明了CMAC学习算法在批量和增量两种学习方式下收敛的一般性定理，给出CMAC算法在批量学习方式下收敛的充要条件，以及在增量学习方式下收敛的必要条件，对前人在关联矩阵正定的特殊条件下得出的结论进行了推广和改进。

Another reason is that the degree of linear independence of the variable basis functions composed by sigmoid functions decreases as the hidden nodes increasing, and this lead up to the inferior matrix condition number during learning, which forces the learning step length to decrease and the convergence speed to slow down.

一是因为未知系统复杂时需要较多的隐节点，从而学习的参数过多减慢了学习速度；另一个原因是随着隐节点数增加，由Sigmoid函数构造的可变基函数线性无关程度减弱，从而导致学习过程中矩阵条件数变差，迫使学习步长减小，收敛速度不得不减慢。

Make the student set up self-confidence heart, develop a good study habit and formation have number of study strategy, development from already study of ability and cooperation spirit:"This full elucidation classroom most importance of mission morning stir up a student" my wanting to learn "of motive, development student" me will learnof ability, for life long study the dozen descend good foundation.

使学生树立自信心，养成良好的学习习惯和形成有数的学习策略，fazhan发展自已学习的能力和合作精神："这充分说明了课堂最重要的任务晨激发学生"我要学"的动机，培养学生"我会学的能力，为终身学习打下良好的基础。

The thesis is based mostly on three recent papers on learning gibbs distributions. They are [Zhu 97]"s work on creating a unified statistical framework by minimax entropy principle, which is then used to learn texture images, [Guo 01]"s proposal for learning the distribution of intrinsic texture element by gibbs model and [Liu 01]s introduction of the minimax Entropy idea to the learning of Inhomogeneous Gibbs Model.

本论文的基本出发点是基于下面三篇关于吉布斯学习的重要文献，即[Zhu 97]中创造的用最小最大熵准则学习纹理图像分布的一套统计框架，[Guo 01]中提到的用吉布斯模型学习纹理基元分布的方法，以及[Liu 01]中介绍的关于非均匀吉布斯模型(Inhomogeneous Gibbs Model，简称IGM)的学习机制。

Secondly ,it is the main body of this thesis-research of patterns of integration of modern information technology and analytic geometry .1 put forward three patterns of classroom integration in the directions of three study theories : imparting integral pattern in the direction of behaviorism ,guiding integral pattern in the direction of cognition and construction integral pattern in the direction of constructionism .And then I list relevant examples of classes and the corresponding styles of classes and give concrete explanations according to different integral patterns .

其次在现代信息技术与解析几何的整合的模式研究部分，也是本文的主要部分，提出了在三种学习理论指导下的三种课程整合模式：行为主义学习理论指导下的传授型整合模式，认知主义学习理论指导下的引导型整合模式，建构主义学习理论指导下的建构型整合模式，并对不同的整合模式举出相应的课例和分别适用的课型做出了具体的说明。

Moreover, their intrinsic connection, advantages and disadvantages were analyzed from the view of multilinear projections, essential differences and their own superiorities between tensor and vector patterns were clarified, and the problems to be solved and future research were discussed.

对现有张量型学习算法进行总结：针对向量模式表示存在的问题，讨论了设计张量型学习算法的必要性和重要意义；从特征提取和分类器设计2个层面，对现有张量型学习算法进行分类和汇总，并着重从多线性投影方式出发，讨论了其内在联系及优缺点；分析了张量模式与向量模式表示间的本质关系及各自优势；探讨了张量型学习算法有待解决的问题及可能的研究趋势。

A,an=not ab,abs=away ad,a,ac,ad,af,al,an,ap,as,at=to;at ambi=both ana=up ante=before anti=against auto=self be=do bene=good cata=complete cent=hundred circum=around co,com,con=together contra=against de=down,off dec,deka=ten dia=across dis=apart duo,di,twi=two dys=bad en=make ento=inside epi=upon equi=equal eu=good ex,ec,e=out fore=ahead hetero=different holo=complete homo=same hyper=above hypo=below in,il,im,ir=inside;not infra=below inter,intel=between intra,intro=within iso=same macro=big mal=bad medi=middle mega=giant meta=change micro=small mis=wrongly mono=one multi,poly=many neo=new nona,ennea=nine ob,oc,of,op=toward oct=eight omni=all orth=straight pan=all para=beside per=through peri=around post=after pre,pri=before prin=first pro=forward quad,tetra=four quint,penta=five re=back retro=back se=apart semi,demi,hemi=half sept,hepta=seven sext,hexa=six solo=alone sub,suc,suf,sug,sum,sup,sur,sus=under super,sur=over supra=above syn,sym=same tele=far trans,tra=across tri,ter=three un,ne,non=not uni=one ultra=beyond

成年人学英文的第一课和第二课刊出后，有数位读者写E-mail给我。有一位说道：「一篇文章的每一个单字都查到解释了，但整篇文章就是看不懂，怎麼办？」另一位说：「我的文法很差，没办法写完整的英文句子，要如何补救？」当发音和字汇都掌握住学习要领之后，剩下的就是「读」和「写」了，这才符合学习英文的正确步骤：听→说→读→写。台湾传统的学习方式由「写」开始，再「读」，然后才「说」，最后再去补救「听」力，可以说是背道而行，难怪效果不彰。那麼学习「读」的要诀是什麼呢？当然最重要的是能够了解整个句子的涵义。记得初中的时候背了很多文法规则，考试的分数虽然很高，但是对「读」的能力没有帮助。连那个时候流行的「英语九百句型」，也从来没有耐心读完过。然而我们今天能够看懂中文的文章，难道是因为我们熟悉中文的文法吗？答案是否定的。同样地，一个美国人虽然能阅读报纸，但是要求他做「英文文法分析」，他可能也会傻眼。英文的句子其实不需要去靠文法书中的规则去了解，文法书只应当作参考书，在有疑惑的时候才去查阅。平常应养成「约定成俗」的习惯，就是看别人怎麼用，然后「依样画葫芦」，日积月累，文法规则就化为无形了。因此，要训练「读」的技巧，不应该是靠文法规则，而是要多读。但是在读之前，要具备「了解句子」的基本能力，这就是我们的第三课─了解英文句子的要诀。了解英文句子的关键，在於先抓住「主词」和「动词」。看到一句很长的英文句子，不要害怕：先找主词，再找动词。动词如果是「及物动词」，再去找「受词」。主词、动词、受词之外，剩下的通通当做修饰语，有的修饰主词，有的修饰动词，有的修饰受词，有的修饰全句；任何两个完整的句子都可以用连接词连接起来。以上简单几句话，就是了解英文句子的基本观念。了解英文句子的第二步是熟悉英语的五种基本句型，其中前两种与不及物动词有关，后三种与及物动词有关。以下的句子中，用大括号表示{主词}或{受词}，中括号表示，剩下的部份都是修饰语。第一种与不及物动词有关的基本句型叫做「简单不及物句型」（Intransitive Verb，简称I），请背住以下五个句子

The results indicate that female wasps deposit HMPs on the chorion of host eggs with her ovipositor near the end of egg-laying process. Na ye females do not posses the ability for recognizing the marking pheromones and have to obtain the ability though the learning process, in which the wasp inserts her ovipositor into a host egg to determine whether the egg has been parasitized followed by antennal drumming on the exterior. Once the learning process is completed, the female wasp will be able to discriminate between parasitized and unparasitized hosts and reject a parasitized egg by simply drumming on the exterior of the egg. Learning plays an important role in reducing initial rejection time when an unsuitable host is encountered. Female wasps of T. astriniae can quickly learn to associate the presence of a HMP on host egg chrion with the internal status of the egg.

研究结果表明，玉米螟赤眼蜂的寄主标记信息素是在其产卵过程中的收场阶段由产卵器产生的，并且标记在寄主卵表的化学物质；玉米螟赤眼蜂对标记信息素的识别不具有先天性，其必须先用产卵器插入寄生卵来检测是否被寄生，然后其触角不停地敲击，通过学习获得对标记信息素的识别能力，从而放弃了对寄生卵的选择，学习对初始放弃时间有着重要影响，改善了其对寄主搜索效率，这种学习行为是与寄主联系在一起学习的，它能根据寄主被寄生与否而对标记信息素作出反应与不反应。

Pedagogically, teaching students "how to learn" rather than "what to learn" will better serve to help them become independent, autonomous, and effective learners, which is the ultimate goal of education.

在英语语言的学习过程中可以运用多种学习策略，学习者如果能够得到这方面的训练，则会极大地提高他们的学习效率和改进学习效果。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。