孤立

The many exact solutions, such as, trigonometric function, solitary pattern solutions, solitary wave solutions, Jacobi and Weierstrass elliptic function solutions are given by the auxiliary equation method.

近来，随着计算机技术的发展，关于孤立波的研究越来越多的依赖于计算机软件的应用，随之产生了一系列求解非线性波动方程的新方法，并且这些方法逐渐的被应用到离散的非线性微分—差分系统中来研究离散系统的孤立波问题。

For a continuous map of trees or graphs to itself, we show the properties that every isolated chain recurrent point is an eventually periodic point, and an isolated chain recurrent point which is not in the orbit of a critical point and has no critical point in its orbit is a periodic point.

第三章主要讨论一些特殊连续统上连续自映射的孤立链回归点与最终周期点之间的关系，证明了对树或图上连续自映射，孤立链回归点是最终周期的，且如孤立链回归点不在临界点的轨道中，也无临界点在其轨道中，则此点必为周期的。

In chapter 3,we study the Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Modified Equal-Width equation by employing the extended Jacobi elliptic function expansion method and obtain some new solutions of Jacobi elliptic function type of the ZK-MEW equation.;Secondly,using sn-cn method,we study K(m,n,1) equation and obtained some new exact solutions when k=s=3,especially obtained abundand solitary solutions and trigonometric function solutions when m→0 and m→1;In chapter 4,Painleve singular analysis was applied to nonlinear PDE with variable coefficients.

第四章将Painleve奇性分析方法应用到带阻尼项的变系数Burgers方程中，并得到了该类Burgers方程具有Painleve性质的条件，给出了该类Burgers方程的Backlund变换，用所得Backlund变换得到了若干精确孤立波解，包括奇异孤立波解，这些解不等同于行波型孤立波解；用齐次平衡法得到了对数型DBM方程的Backlund变换，并获得了DBM方程的各种孤立波解，包括尖峰孤立波解和奇异尖峰孤立波解。

In 2000, F. LUCA proved that Fermat number are anti-sociable numbers, and in 2005, M. H. LE proved all powers of 2 are anti-sociable numbers. We have used the method of M. H. LE to obtain some new results of the anti-sociable numbers. For every integer n containing prime divisors that are 1 mod 4, let p mod 4 be an arbitrary prime divisor of n. There is at least one anti-sociable number in n^2, p^2n^2, p^4n^2, and p^6n^2. Therefore we can prove that anti-sociable numbers have positive density in perfect square numbers. We also give a method to find the exact anti-sociable numbers.

LUCA证明了Fermat数都是孤立数；2005年，乐茂华教授证明了2的方幂都是孤立数，用乐茂华教授的方法给出孤立数的一些新的结果：对于任意含有4w+1型素因子的正整数n，设p为n的任意一个4w+1型素因子，则在n^2，p^2n^2，p^4n^2，p^6n^2里至少有一个是孤立数，因此可以证明孤立数在完全平方数里有正密度，另外也给出求解确定孤立数的方法。

The solitary wave can be generated considering Goring and Raichlen's movement of a paddle. The proposed original linear solution for the solitary wave generation is expressed in the hypergeometric function. Two disadvantages of the original solution with large trailing wave and skewed wave profile are found by comparing with the theory of solitary wave derived from Boussinesq's equation.

本文并以弱非线性的孤立波造波问题做为解析之对象，由於孤立波造波板速度为一超越函数，造成解析上的困难；本文以 hypergeometric 函数推求常微分方程式之全解，并与理论波形解比较后，发现由於未考虑非线性及分散性过强等问题，使得线性暂态解较理论波形拉长与歪斜，可能无法有效描述孤立波造波问题，故针对线性之分散关系做出修正。

The solitary wave can be generated considering Goring and Raichlen's movement of a paddle. The proposed original linear solution for the solitary wave generation is expressed in the hypergeometric function. Two disadvantages of the original solution with large trailing wave and skewed wave profile are found by comparing with the theory of solitary wave derived from Boussinesq's equation. The difference between the original linear solution and the solitary wave theory results from the nonlinearity and dispersion of generated waves in the flume.

本文并以弱非线性的孤立波造波问题做为解析之对象，由於孤立波造波板速度为一超越函数，造成解析上的困难；本文以 hypergeometric 函数推求常微分方程式之全解，并与理论波形解比较后，发现由於未考虑非线性及分散性过强等问题，使得线性暂态解较理论波形拉长与歪斜，可能无法有效描述孤立波造波问题，故针对线性之分散关系做出修正。

In chapter 1, we introduce the development of module theory and it s applications in the development of algebra,and present conditions of development of prime submodule s,prime radicals,isolated submodules.

本文讨论了环与模范畴中一个重要的子模类—孤立子模的一些性质以及它与强不可约子模等之间的一些联系，并引入了强孤立子模和局部孤立子模的概念，探讨了它们的一系列性质，在第一章中，介绍了模论的发展，模论在代数的发展中所起的重要作用以及素子模，素根和孤立子模的发展现状；在第二章中，给出了与本课题有关的重要概念及其结论。

Chapter 2 is devoted to study of exact solutions of the nonlinear evolution equations. Using solutions of a Bernoulli equation instead of tanh in tanh-function method we find some more general solutions of the KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto equation , and by using the nonlinear telegraph equation we show that there are many different choices on its balancing number m and the power n of the nonlinear term in Bernoulli equation by which we can recover the previously known solutions and also can derive new square root type solitary wave solutions. Exact solitary wave solutions for a surface wave equation are obtained by means of the homogeneous balance method. We also present an approach for constructing the solitary wave solutions and non-solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear evolution equations by using the homogeneous balance method directly, which is also used to find the steady state solutions, solitary wave solutions and the non-solitary wave solutions of the 2+1 dimensional dispersive long wave equations. The soliton-like solutions of the BLMP equation and the 2+1 dimensional breaking soliton equation are found by use of the symbolic-computation-based Method.

第二章中研究了非线性发展方程的精确解：用双曲正切函数法中的双曲正切函数换为Bernoulli方程的解的方法而给出KdV-Burgers-Kuramoto方程的精确解并用非线性电波方程为例说明了平衡数m和Bernoulli方程中非线性项的次数n有着多种选择的可能，它不但使我们能找到已知解而且也能找出新的根式孤立波解；用齐次平衡法给出一个曲面波方程的精确孤立波解，并提出直接用齐次平衡法寻找非线性发展方程的孤立波解、非孤立波解的方法，作为应用给出2+1维色散长波方程组等的定态解、孤立波解、非孤立波解等；用Symbolic-computation-basedMethod获得BLMP方程和2+1维破裂孤子方程的类孤子解；提出sine-Gordon型方程的直接求解方法，并获得sine-Gordon方程、双sine-Gordon方程、sinh-Gordon方程、MKdV-sine-Gordon方程和Born-Infeld方程等的精确孤立波解。

Nonlinear wave equation; nonlinear intensity; solitary wave solution; nonlinear differential-difference system; compacton; peakon; noncontinuous solitary solution; bifurcation

非线性波动方程；非线性强度；奇异孤立波；非线性微分—差分系统；紧孤立了；尖峰孤立子；不连续孤立波；分岔

For contrast experiments, k-means and DBSCAN algorithms are also implemented using Visual C++ 6. 0. We conducted a series of experiments, including the experiment of the correctness of clustering and outlier detection, the experiment of the precision of clustering and outlier detection. The experiment of the runtime, the experiment of the effect of clustering and outlier detection on parameters, the experiment of the impact of clustering and outlier detection precision by the order of data input, and the experiment of the effect of the algorithm validness by the density character of dataset.

本文使用Visual C++ 6.0实现了基于距离的聚类和孤立点检测算法、k-means算法和DBSCAN算法，做了大量的对比实验，包括聚类算法和孤立点检测正确性实验；聚类算法和孤立点检测精度实验；算法执行时间实验；参数对聚类和孤立点检测结果的影响实验；数据输入顺序对算法聚类和孤立点精度的影响实验；数据集密度对算法有效性的影响等。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。