孤儿的

Second, there are four Chapters of this paper: Chapter I Russian History and the fate of intellectual in the 20thcentury, which unscrambles the very historical context reflected by Doctor Zhivago. It refers to the changes of Russian history and politics, the fate of Russian intellectual, the living condition of Pasternak in the torrent times. Chapter II The choice of fate by Russian intellectuals, specificly analyses different choices by different intellectuals, in order to prominent truly noble character of Russianintellectuals; ChapterⅢThe spiritual confusion of Russian intellectuals, analyses the basic formation of their spiritual confusion in the 20th century context of Russian History. It refers to the disjunction between reality and ideal, the tragedy of Hamlet-like character, and Zhivago-like spiritual orphan of Jew. Chapter IV The spiritual remolding of the Russian intellectuals, which profoundly analyzes the relationship among Tolstoyism, Christian faith and belief of the humanitarianism on the blue print of Doctor Zhivago's spiritual experiences, therefore, reflects the tropism of humanitarian value of Russia in the 20th century.

其次，正文部分共分四章：第一章&20世纪俄罗斯历史与知识分子的命运&，主要是从20世纪俄罗斯历史与政治变革、20世纪俄罗斯知识分子的命运、处在时代漩涡中的帕斯捷尔纳克的生存境遇等方面，来(来源：6a6aAB5eC论文网www.abclunwen.com)解读《日瓦戈医生》所反映的特定历史语境；第二章&俄罗斯知识分子的命运选择&，通过具体分析在特定的历史语境中，俄罗斯不同类型的知识分子对于命运的不同选择，以突出真正的俄罗斯知识分子高贵的人格品质；第三章&俄罗斯知识分子的精神困惑&，从理想与现实的脱节、&哈姆雷特式&的性格悲剧、日瓦戈式的&犹太精神孤儿&等方面，具体分析了20世纪俄罗斯历史语境中知识分子精神迷茫的基本形态；第四章&俄罗斯知识分子的精神重塑&，以日瓦戈医生的精神历练为蓝本，对20世纪俄罗斯知识分子的精神重塑与托尔斯泰主义、基督教信仰以及对人道主义的崇信的内在关系做了深刻解剖，从而折射出20世纪俄罗斯社会的人文价值取向。

The latter has the surface of civilization, the conflicts of crowns, the births of princes, the marriages of kings, battles, assemblages, great public men, revolutions in the daylight, everything on the exterior; the other historian has the interior, the depths, the people who toil, suffer, wait, the oppressed woman,the agonizing child, the secret war between man and man, obscure ferocities, prejudices, plotted iniquities, the subterranean, the indistinct tremors of multitudes, the die-of-hunger, the counter-blows of the law, the secret evolution of souls, the go-bare-foot, the bare-armed, the disinherited, the orphans, the unhappy, and the infamous, all the forms which roam through the darkness.

后者所研究的是文明的表层、王冠的争夺、王子的出生、国君的婚姻、战争、会议、著名的大人物、阳光下的兴衰变革，一切外表的东西；而另一种历史学家研究的是内容、实质、劳动、苦难、期待着的人民、被压迫的妇女、呻吟中的儿童、人与人的暗斗、隐秘的暴行、成见、公开的不平等待遇、法律的暗中反击、心灵的秘密演变、群众的隐微震颤、饿到快死的人、赤脚露臂的无依靠的人、孤儿孤女、穷愁潦倒蒙羞受辱的人和在黑暗中流浪的一切游魂野鬼。

Among them is all-seeing Deeti, a young village woman rescued from her husband's funeral pyre; sparkling-eyed Zachary Reid, a freedman from Baltimore; Serang Ali, head of the ship's crew of lascars, with a face that "would have earned the envy of Genghis Khan"; Neel, a bankrupt Raja, whose presence can silence a room,"leaving a few last threads of sound to float gently to the floor, like the torn ends of a ribbon"; and a spirited French orphan, Paulette, and her Indian soulmate, Jodu, the son of a boatman.

在所塑造的人物中，有能够洞察一切的蒂缇，一名从她丈夫的葬礼材火堆中被救出的年青村妇；有目光炯炯的扎克里·里德，一名来自巴尔的摩的自由民；有瑟让·阿里，船上那些东印度水手的水手长；他的模样&让成吉思汗①都艳羡不已&；尼尔则是个落魄的印度王公②，他一出现就会全场顿时变得鸦雀无声，作者对此的描写是大家都&只等最后几丝杂音渐渐轻柔落地，如同被人撕碎的丝带从空中飘落下来一样&；还有一个精神充沛的法国女人保罗莱特，她是名孤儿，以及她的知己，印度人爵都，他是一个船夫的儿子。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。