季盐

The epoxidation of α-pinene and β-pinene by 50% hydrogen peroxide and a small amount of sodium tungstate, in the presence of quaternary ammonium salt A-1 as a phase transfer catalyst, is carried out.

摘 要：采用季铵盐A-1作相转移催化剂，质量分数为50%的H2O2作氧化剂，三氯甲烷作溶剂，在加入少量钨酸钠的条件下，实现了α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯的环氧化反应。

The epoxidation can be performedwell when the concentration of quaternary ammoniumsaltand sodium tungstate is 0.06 mol/L and 0.03 mol/L, respectively.

结果表明，季铵盐和钨酸钠的浓度分别为0.06，0.03 mol/L时的催化效果最佳；α-和β-蒎烯的转化率随着H2O2与蒎烯的量比增大而增大，当H2O2与α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯的量比分别为2.0和1.8时，其转化率均可达到100%；较高的温度不利于环氧化反应的进行，因此，环氧化反应温度需控制在20℃以下。

The results show that with the content of the synthetic compound increasing, the surface resistivity of PVC materials was decreased. When the content of the synthetic compound reached 4.5%, the surface resistivity of PVC materials was reduced below 3.0×108 ?.

结果表明：随合成长链季铵盐的添加量增大，PVC材料的表面电阻率降低，较小的添加量(4.5%)即可使材料的表面电阻率降低至3.0×108 Ω以下，达到了煤矿行业对高分子材料抗静电性能的要求。

Optimum conditions are as follows: DMF is used as solvent, compound quaternary ammonium salt as catalyst, n(p-nitrochloro benzene):n=1: 1.2, m:m(p-nitrochloro benzene)=4%, m:m(p-nitrochloro benzene)1:1, and reacted under 155~160℃ for 18 h; reduction reaction is carried out in methanol with Raney nickel, which is used as catalyst; the raw product is added an antioxidant, and distilled simply under reduced pressure to obtain 4-fluoroaniline with excellence quality, purity is over 99.5%, total yield is 89.3%.

实验结果表明，氟化反应的最佳条件为：二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂、复合季铵盐为催化剂，n：n=1：1.2，m（催化剂：m=4%，m：m=1：1，于155~160℃下反应18h；还原反应在甲醇中进行，以阮内镍为催化剂；粗产品加入抗氧剂，减压条件下简单蒸馏得高品位的对氟苯胺。

In order to separate trace plutonium from uranium matrix for subsequent mass spectroscope determination of the former,an extraction chromatographic method composed of a TBP extraction resin column and a cationic exchange resin column was developed.

为了从铀基体中分离痕量钚，采用由TBP色层柱和7402季铵盐色层柱组成的萃取色层法及低本底α谱仪对模拟铀样品中铀钚分离方法进行了研究，并确定了分离流程的条件；对影响流程分离效果的主要因素，如料液和洗涤液酸度、流速、解吸液浓度等进行了研究，确定了最佳分离流程。

The chemical structure of the product was characterized by IR spectrum.

对所合成的Gemini季铵盐进行了性能研究。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。