季盐

The epoxidation of α-pinene and β-pinene by 50% hydrogen peroxide and a small amount of sodium tungstate, in the presence of quaternary ammonium salt A-1 as a phase transfer catalyst, is carried out.

摘 要：采用季铵盐A-1作相转移催化剂，质量分数为50%的H2O2作氧化剂，三氯甲烷作溶剂，在加入少量钨酸钠的条件下，实现了α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯的环氧化反应。

The epoxidation can be performedwell when the concentration of quaternary ammoniumsaltand sodium tungstate is 0.06 mol/L and 0.03 mol/L, respectively.

结果表明，季铵盐和钨酸钠的浓度分别为0.06，0.03 mol/L时的催化效果最佳；α-和β-蒎烯的转化率随着H2O2与蒎烯的量比增大而增大，当H2O2与α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯的量比分别为2.0和1.8时，其转化率均可达到100%；较高的温度不利于环氧化反应的进行，因此，环氧化反应温度需控制在20℃以下。

The results show that with the content of the synthetic compound increasing, the surface resistivity of PVC materials was decreased. When the content of the synthetic compound reached 4.5%, the surface resistivity of PVC materials was reduced below 3.0×108 ?.

结果表明：随合成长链季铵盐的添加量增大，PVC材料的表面电阻率降低，较小的添加量(4.5%)即可使材料的表面电阻率降低至3.0×108 Ω以下，达到了煤矿行业对高分子材料抗静电性能的要求。

Optimum conditions are as follows: DMF is used as solvent, compound quaternary ammonium salt as catalyst, n(p-nitrochloro benzene):n=1: 1.2, m:m(p-nitrochloro benzene)=4%, m:m(p-nitrochloro benzene)1:1, and reacted under 155~160℃ for 18 h; reduction reaction is carried out in methanol with Raney nickel, which is used as catalyst; the raw product is added an antioxidant, and distilled simply under reduced pressure to obtain 4-fluoroaniline with excellence quality, purity is over 99.5%, total yield is 89.3%.

实验结果表明，氟化反应的最佳条件为：二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂、复合季铵盐为催化剂，n：n=1：1.2，m（催化剂：m=4%，m：m=1：1，于155~160℃下反应18h；还原反应在甲醇中进行，以阮内镍为催化剂；粗产品加入抗氧剂，减压条件下简单蒸馏得高品位的对氟苯胺。

In order to separate trace plutonium from uranium matrix for subsequent mass spectroscope determination of the former,an extraction chromatographic method composed of a TBP extraction resin column and a cationic exchange resin column was developed.

为了从铀基体中分离痕量钚，采用由TBP色层柱和7402季铵盐色层柱组成的萃取色层法及低本底α谱仪对模拟铀样品中铀钚分离方法进行了研究，并确定了分离流程的条件；对影响流程分离效果的主要因素，如料液和洗涤液酸度、流速、解吸液浓度等进行了研究，确定了最佳分离流程。

The chemical structure of the product was characterized by IR spectrum.

对所合成的Gemini季铵盐进行了性能研究。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。