季的

In this paper, through a series of experiments, two series of quaternary-ammounium Gemini surfactants were synthesized, namely the pair alkylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant m-s-m·2Br and the pair the alkylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant -s-·2Br. We has carried on the attribute with the infrared spectrum to its structure, and to affected the factor which the synthesis pair the alkylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant responded to carry on the discussion. We has discovered the synthesis pair the ethylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant m-2-m·2Br optimum condition: The bromo alkane and a tetramethyl ethylene diamine mole of ratio is 3.0: 1.0, makes the solvent by the ethyl alcohol, 80℃ under responds for 48 hours in the backflow temperature; Synthesis pair alkylene double quaternary ammonium salt surfactant 12-S-12 ·2Br optimum condition: 12 tertiary amine and 1, 3- propylene dibromide (1, 4- two bromines butane) a mole of ratio is 2.2: 1.0, makes the solvent by the ethyl alcohol, responds for 48 hours in the constant temperature 80 ℃ under backflow.

本文通过一系列的实验，合成了两个系列的Gemini型表面活性剂，即双烷撑双季铵盐表面活性剂m-s-m·2Br和双烷撑双季铵盐表面活性剂-s-·2Br，用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征，并且对影响合成双烷撑双季铵盐表面活性剂反应的因素进行了讨论，找出了合成双乙撑双季铵盐表面活性剂m-2-m·2Br的最佳条件：溴代烷与四甲基乙二胺的摩尔比为3.0：1.0，以乙醇作溶剂，在回流温度80℃下反应48小时；合成双烷撑双季铵盐表面活性剂12-s-12·2Br的最佳条件：十二叔胺与1，3-二溴丙烷(1，4-二溴丁烷)摩尔比为2.2：1.0，以乙醇作溶剂，在恒温80℃下回流反应48小时。

It consists of the folowing five contents.(1) the seasonal change of leaf area index,(2) the seasonal change of ratio of leaf area, stem area and ear area to the sum area of these three foliage components,(3 )the seasonal change of leaf in clination,(4 )the seasonal change of optics of leaf, stemand ear,(5 )the seasonal change of upward reflectance of soil background.

具体内容包括：(1)叶面积指数的季相变化；(2)叶、茎、穆面积在它们总面积中比例的季相变化；(3)叶倾角分布的季相变化：(4)叶茎称光学特性的季相变化(5)土坡背景垂直向上反射率的季相变化，文中各项季相变化特征祖盖的冬小麦生育期长。

As far as the controversies of the authorship of Les Chinois peints par eux-même and Le thé〓tre des Chinois are concerned, we have concluded that the two books are the result of the joint efforts of Foucault de Mondion and Tcheng after the exhausted textual researches.

结论是陈季同在中法战争中维护了国家利益，并没有失职甚至卖国行为；但在私债问题上，陈季同的所作所为有失检点。其次，论文考察了陈季同在欧洲时和归国后的文化历程。

The director of the episode is Michael Nankin , who has done some great work on this series he directed memorable episodes like " Scar ,"" Flight of the Phoenix ,"" Maelstrom ,"" Passage " and the unforgettable " The Ties that Bind ," with the wrenching deep-space death of Cally Tyrol .

这一集的导演是迈克尔·南金 Michael Nankin ，这家伙已经导演了剧中不少的单元集，比如"[第2季第15集] 伤疤 Scar ，""[第2季第9集] 凤凰飞翔 Flight of the Phoenix ，""[第3季第17集] 苦痛漩涡 Maelstrom ，"" [第3季第10集] 通路 Passage "，和比较难忘的那集"[第4季第3集] 以爱相连 The Ties that Bind "（在这集中凯莉·泰罗尔在减压舱被减压冲到深空中彻底死瓜

The paper focuses on the tetraploidy black locust on Loess plaeatu of West Shanxi province, applys steady state promoter method and image processing technology to study the days transpiration water consumption in different weather ,different seasons and different site conditions,has primary analysis on the impact of environment on the transpiration and carries on the calculation to the tetraploidy locust tree by the single leaf water consumption to the single tree water consumption in CaiJiachuan watershed; Uses fast weighing method to measure and analyze the transpiration water consumption of five different herbs under the tetraploidy black locust forest (Capillary Wormwood,Vanilla,Agropyron Sristatum , Common Sowthistle and Medicago Sativa) in short time, in the same and different growcrop,and calculates the average transpiration water consumption per square metres ;the soil colome weighing method was used for determining diumal variation quantity of soil moisture evaporation, analyzing the dynamic variation and caculating the total quantity of soil evaporation water consumption from May to August ; then 5 kind of suppositions about the types of surface vegetation coverage are proposed in experimented site and the total evapotranspiration water consumption are calculated under 5 suppoitions ,aim at providing preliminary theoretic basis for ascertaining the transpiration water consumption of tetraploidy black locust forest,controling standing forest density and optimizing the forest grass deploy on loess plaeatu of west Shanxi province .

本文以两种不同立地条件下的四倍体刺槐林为研究对象，采用了气孔计法对蔡家川流域生长季内不同天气状况下(典型晴天、阴天和半阴天)四倍体刺槐日蒸腾耗水规律、不同季节(生长季初期、中期和末期)的蒸腾耗水规律、两种不同立地条件下四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水比较以及影响四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水的环境因子进行初步研究分析，并对四倍体刺槐由单叶耗水量向单株耗水量进行推算；采用经典快速连续称重法对四倍体刺槐林地生长的主要5种草本植物(白蒿、香青兰、冰草、苦苣和苜蓿)短时段内蒸腾耗水规律、不同生长季内蒸腾耗水规律、同一生长季不同种类草本植物蒸腾耗水量进行了比较分析，并且采用面积与重量比的方法推算出了单位面积四倍体刺槐林地几种主要草本植物平均蒸腾耗水量：采用土柱称重法测定了5月份～8月份土壤水分蒸发昼夜变化量、对试验期内土壤蒸发量动态变化作了分析、推算出了试验地5月份～8月份土壤蒸发耗水总量；对试验地地表植被覆盖类型提出了5种假设，推算出5种假设的情景下蒸散耗水总量，旨在为晋西黄土区四倍体刺槐林蒸腾耗水量的确定、林分密度调控以及林草优化配置等提供初步的理论依据。

Wanfenghu reservoir has been polluted seriously, and waters are in a severe eutrophication condition. Whether physico-chemical indexes or biological indexes appraisal, it proved that the water quality of Wanfenghu is between IV-V. Wanfenghu contains high TN and TP which are 5 to 6 times of the national standard content, and the quantities construction of phytoplankton communities is deeply disequilibrium, the Cyanophyta and Charophyta occupying overwhelming

万峰湖水库已经受到了严重污染，水体处于严重富营养化状态，其水体中的溶解氧的三季变化范围在2.92-5.3mg·L之间、化学耗氧量三季平均值为34.77 mg·L~(-1)、总氮三季平均值为2.5 mg·L~(-1)、总磷的三季平均值为0.35 mg·L~(-1)、叶绿素a含量的三季平均值为23.64 mg·m~(-3)，以上各指标表明万峰湖水库水体处于Ⅳ-Ⅴ类水质；无论从浮游植物的群落数量上还是浮游植物种类组成上看，蓝藻和绿藻都占绝对优势，而其它各种藻类极少，是典型的蓝-绿藻型水

One route was that the amino-groups on the silica gel were transformed to tertiary amines by Eschweiler-clarke reaction that amine-groups react with formaldehyde and methanoic acid to prepare tertiary amines; the silica gel intermediates with tertiary amine groups reacted with chorohydrocarbons to prepare insoluble silica gel quaternary ammonium salt bactericides. Another route was that the amino-groups on the silica gel reacted with excessive chlorohexadecane; the preparing intermediates were quaternized with iodomethane to obtain insoluble silica gel quaternary ammonium salt bactericides.

一条路线是根据埃施韦勒-克拉克(Eschweiler-clarke)胺甲基化反应，进行胺基叔胺化反应，制成带有叔胺官能团的硅胶中间体，此中间体上的叔胺与卤代烷反应生成杀菌活性官能团季铵盐，制成硅胶类水不溶性季铵盐杀菌剂；另一条路线是带有胺反应活性中心的硅胶与过量正氯代十六烷反应，得到的中间体再用碘甲烷季铵化，得到最终产品——水不溶性季铵盐杀菌剂。

The director of the episode is Michael Nankin , who has done some great work on this series he directed memorable episodes like " Scar ,"" Flight of the Phoenix ,"" Maelstrom ,"" Passage " and the unforgettable " The Ties that Bind ," with the wrenching deep-space death of Cally Tyrol .

这一集的导演是迈克尔·南金 Michael Nankin ，这家伙已经导演了剧中不少的单元集，比如&[第2季第15集] 伤疤 Scar ，&&[第2季第9集] 凤凰飞翔 Flight of the Phoenix ，&&[第3季第17集] 苦痛漩涡 Maelstrom ，&& [第3季第10集] 通路 Passage &，和比较难忘的那集&[第4季第3集] 以爱相连 The Ties that Bind &（在这集中凯莉·泰罗尔在减压舱被减压冲到深空中彻底死瓜

Front-peak dominated double peak mode and double peak group mode were mainly found in the rain-particle samples, while the front-peaked dominated double peak group mode is mainly found in the rain-particle samples ofdry-season, and double peak group mode is mainly found in the rain-particle samples of wet-season.

正构烷烃分布模式呈现一定季节变化，干季雨水主要为单峰态模式分布，而平台型模式主要出现在春季的雨水中，夏季雨水则三种模式都有；干季雨水颗粒物主要为双峰态前峰型模式，而湿季则以要双峰态双峰型模式为主。

The adsorptive properties of gas-liquid interface and liquid-solid interface of bisquaternary ammonium salt surfactant are used as object to study the surface tension of BQAS changing with its concentration,adsorptive isothermal line,saturated adsorption and minimum balance time.

以研究双季铵盐型表面活性剂BQAS吸附特性为目的，从溶液表面张力随浓度的变化、饱和吸附量等方面研究了双季铵盐BQAS的气液界面吸附特性；用双季铵盐BQAS和砂岩体系，在液固比一定时，从时间、浓度对静态吸附量的影响方面研究了双季铵盐BQAS的液固界面吸附特性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。