孢子细胞

Botany of or relating to the cells in a sporangium that give rise to spores.

属于孢子细胞，或与在孢子囊里提供孢子生长的细胞有关。

Spores await dispersal and germinate in favourable conditions for amoeboid growth. However, the formation of stalk cells is a process of cell death.

在合适条件下，孢子细胞萌发开始新生命周期；而柄细胞无论用什么条件都不能萌发，因此柄细胞是死亡细胞，柄细胞的形成是细胞凋亡的过程。

The results show that the normal process begins with archesporial cell and undergoes stages of primary and secondary sporogenous cell,microspore mother cell,dyad,tetrad,central nucleus microspore,vacuolated microspore,mature microspore,twocell pollen and threecell mature pollen.

对平流层辐射处理SP3谷子和对照CK3谷子雄性细胞发育的研究表明，雄性细胞正常发育过程从孢原细胞开始，经初生造孢细胞、次生造孢细胞、小孢子母细胞、二分体、四分体和单核小孢子中央期、单核小孢子液泡期、单核小孢子成熟期直到二细胞花粉、三细胞成熟花粉结束。

The reproductive development process of birch was described as follows: Male inflorescences extended from apical bud in early June. In later June, stamen primodium was differentiated in the bract of male inflorescence and the differentiation of bract was generated in female inflorescence. During July, anther layers and archesporial cell were differentiated in anther, then archesporial cell developed into mother microspore cell. Pistil primodium came into being at the same time. In early part of August the meiosis of mother microspore cell started. In later August, mono-nucleus microspore was formed. After September, both male inflorescence and female inflorescence were dormant.

白桦的生殖生长发育过程如下：6月初，雄花序从顶芽中生长出来。6月中下旬，雄花序苞片上分化出雄蕊原基，雌花序分化出苞片。7月，雄花花药分化出花药壁和孢原细胞，孢原细胞演化为小孢子母细胞，雌花序苞腋处分化出雌蕊原基；8月中上旬，小孢子母细胞减数分裂，8月下旬形成单核小孢子；9月后雄花序以单核小孢子状念越冬，雌花序以雌蕊原基状念越冬。

On the base of review the research development in tissue culture and genetic transformation, Comparative analyses were made on the callus induction and embryogenetic abilities of anther and non-pollinated ovules of rubber tree. Fluorescence detection was implemented with the different in vitro material of Hevea brasiliensis.

本研究在综述了橡胶树组织培养及遗传转化研究进展的基础上，系统地比较了橡胶花药和未授粉胚珠愈伤组织诱导及体细胞胚胎发生能力，对橡胶树不同离体组织进行荧光背景检测，将在植物胚胎发育时期起重要作用的BBM基因导入橡胶树，对电激法转化游离小孢子细胞以及农杆菌介导花药愈伤组织进行初步探索。

The result is consistent with previous studies. Whereas, tapetal cells of sterile anthers were disintegrated since tetrad cells were disjoined, indicating that disintegration of tapetal cells is earlier occurred in sterile anther than that in fertile anther. DNA ladder revealed that the cleavage of nuclear DNA into oligonucleosome-sized fragments to

结果表明，在花粉母细胞减数分裂后的四分体解离时期，不育花药的绒粘层细胞较可育花药提前开始裂解；在不育系S-Mo17rf3rf3花药和花粉S-(rf3)中均明显出现PCD过程的DNA片段化以及线粒体细胞色素C外渗的现象，证明了玉米CMS-S的花粉败育与花药绒粘层细胞的提前凋亡和小孢子细胞的细胞程序性死亡有关。

Under favorable condition, it multiplies as a unicellular organism. Upon starvation, a pathway involving aggregation, mound, slug, culmination stages induces the formation of a fruiting body consisting of a head of spores supported on a stalk of vacuolated cells.

在营养丰富条件下，以单细胞形式存在；一旦食物匮乏，单个细胞聚集成多细胞体，细胞历经细胞丘、蛞蝓体、拔顶阶段完成发育和分化过程，最终形成由孢子细胞和柄细胞组成的子实体。

The situation of abnormal development of male cells is as follows:microspore mother cell can't enter into meiosis because of intense vacuolation,shrink and disintegration of its cytoplasm;although vacuolated microspore mother cell can enter into meiosis,it can't form normal dyad and degenerate in the middle process;dyad and tetrad become vacuolated and can't develop normally;cytoplasm of microspore shrinks around the nucleus at the stage of central nucleus microspore,the shape of microspore is twisted into crescent or irregular shape,at last its cytoplasm and nucleus are disintegrated and crescent vacant microspore presents;nutritive substances can't be accumulated at the stage of vacuolated microspore,cytoplasm is disintegrated,and microspore turns into a big vacant pollen.

雄性细胞异常发育有几种情况：小孢子母细胞强烈液泡化，细胞质收缩解体，不能进入减数分裂；小孢子母细胞液泡化，虽能进入减数分裂，但不能形成正常二分体而中途退化；二分体、四分体细胞液泡化，不能进行正常发育；单核小孢子中央期，细胞质收缩包围核，小孢子形状扭曲呈月牙形或不规则形，最终细胞质和核解体而呈月牙形的空壳小孢子；单核液泡期的小孢子不能积聚营养物质，细胞质解体而成为大的空壳花粉粒。

The disorganizing sequence of microspore is as follow: firstly, cell membrane dissolved, cytoplasm degenerated and became thiner; then, nuclear membrane dissolved, nuclear degenerated, and the last was nucleolus.

小孢子细胞解体顺序为：细胞膜首先断裂，细胞质分解变稀薄，然后是核膜断裂，细胞核降解，细胞质及细胞核降解物质充满整个药室，最后核仁解体。

After division in conidial cell, the nuclei entered into germ tube and divided repeatedly, and therefore the number of nuclei in germ tube variably multiplied. The mitosis of F. graminearum has four phases.

观察表明，分生孢子细胞为单核，细胞核在分生孢子细胞内分裂后进入芽管，在芽管内进行多次分裂，使芽管内细胞核数目不断变化。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。