孢子的细胞

By the support of the present project, 3 articles have been published, 4 articles have been submitted to Grana and Acta Botanica Yunnanica etc and some papers is in preparing.

结果表明：蕨类植物孢子外壁和周壁来源于孢子囊内层绒毡层细胞；孢子表面纹饰有的种类由外壁形成，有的种类是由周壁形成；孢子纹饰是在四分孢子形成后迅速形成的，形成的时间很短并比较稳定。

Trophozoite,macrogamout,microgamout, typeⅠmeront,typeⅡmeront and sporozoite in the development of C.andersoni were observed by TEM.The proliferation of C.andersoni was significantly inhibited by 1.25μg/ml NTZ and 0.31μg/ml GAs.Treated with 20μg/ml NTZ and 5μg/ml GAs respectively,the numbers of C.andersoni were only 0.29%and 0.66%compared with the untreated.

透射电镜在HCT-8细胞中观察到安氏隐孢子虫的滋养体、雌配子体、雄配子体、Ⅰ型裂殖体、Ⅱ型裂殖体和子孢子阶段。1.25μg/ml NTZ和0.31μg/ml GAs即可显著抑制HCT-8细胞中安氏隐孢子虫的增殖。20μg/ml NTZ和5μg/ml GAs作用后，虫体数量仅分别为未加药的0.29%和0.66%。

In microgametogenesis, callose deposits in tapetal cells and begins to accumulate around microspore nucleus at the early microspore stage, callose deposition around microspore nucleus continues through uninucleate microspere stage.

小孢子早期，绒毡层细胞中积累胼胝质类物质，小孢子核周围也开始沉积胼胝质，逐渐形成完整胼胝质壁；小胞子晚期，绒毡层细胞开始解体，药室内壁细胞开始加厚，其加厚的物质为胼胝质类物质。

To understand the degeneration of unfertilized aposporous embryo sac in an aposporous species Pennisetum squamulatum, the central cell in the unfertilized embryo sac was characterized ultrastructurally.

为理解植物无孢子生殖胚囊未受精条件下的退化，对无孢子生殖植物非洲狼尾草未受精成熟胚囊中央细胞退化做了细胞形态学研究。

Using cytohischemical staining methods, with the results of comparison the dynamics of proteins and polysaccharides in the anthe wall cells and colule cells of different developmental phases in female and male flowers, the anormogenesis of anther tapetum in the inflecting phase of from bisexual flower to unisexual flower was observed. In microspore developed phase, the tapetum functions of preserving and transportingmutritive material for microspore development and of secreting callosal enzyme for decompositing callosal cell lost no normal guadrant formed, of being abnormal meiose of pollen mother cells, and then, the stamen aborted selectively in female flowers and pistil in male flower.

利用细胞组织化学染色技术，对雌、雄花雄蕊花药壁细胞及花药内细胞发育过程中多糖及蛋白质动态进行了比较，实验中观察到雌花在从两性至单性花转变时期雄蕊绒毡层在整个发育过程中表现异常，在小孢子发育过程中未能起到贮藏、转运营养物质供小孢子发育及适时分泌胼胝质酶溶解胼胝质壁的功能，并且花粉母细胞减数分裂异常而未形成四分体结构，进而导致雌花雄蕊选择性败育，而雄花中雌蕊组织也发生了选择性败育过程。

From a structural point of view, most of the spores of a single cell, but also some for a few cells, such as Magnaporthe grisea conidia of three cells and so on.

从结构上看，大多数孢子为单细胞，但也有的为几个细胞，如稻瘟病菌的分生孢子为3个细胞等。

Young thalluscells of low development are easy to dedifferentiate and grow intoseedings directly,while mature thallus cells have to releasemonospores to form seedings through a stage of multicellular groupfor dedifferentiation.Old thallus,mainly of productive cells,releasecarporspores to form conchocelis at last.

幼嫩的叶状体细胞，由于其分化程度低，易于脱分化而直接长成细胞苗；成熟的叶状体细胞，要经过多细胞团这样一个脱分化的阶段，然后放散单孢子成苗；而老叶状体以生殖细胞为主，只能放散果孢子，最终长成丝状体。

The acute toxicity andmain organs of pathological section for 30 days were observed. Result 1. Ganoderma lucidum spores oil at 0.20g/kg, 0.40g/kg, 1.20g/kg dose couldsignificantly promote the lymphocyte transformation, raise clearance index numberand phagocytic index number, enhance the activity of NK cells and the level of TNF-α, IL-2 in spleen. Ganoderma lucidum spores oil at high dose and middle dose couldsignificantly enhance the serum erythrocytolysin level.

实验结果 1低、中、高灵芝孢子油组(0.20g／kg，0.40g／kg，1.20g／kg)均可提高小鼠单核-巨噬细胞的吞噬指数及碳廓清指数，促进ConA诱发脾淋巴细胞转化，增强小鼠NK细胞活性，提高脾细胞产生TNF-α和IL-2的能力；高、中剂量灵芝孢子油可提高小鼠的血清溶血素水平。

The results shows that the tapetal expanding abnormally occurs in dyadphase stage, microspore abortion occurs in the early of monokaryon stage, disaggregation in the end of monokaryon stage, only some spall of microspore is observed in monokaryon stage, the four cell walls also exist, the tapetal cells became completely vacuolated, almost filled the whole locule. vascular bundle of male sterile line anther vanish at mature pollen stage.

结果发现花药绒粘层在二分体时期发生异常，小孢子在单核前期开始败育，至单核后期完全解体，花药发育后期不育系药腔中只观察到少量的小孢子残体，花药壁的四层细胞依然存在，绒粘层细胞已经彻底液泡化，占据了药腔的整个空间，花粉成熟期不育系花药维管束消失。

The Plant tissue raise is the plant sterile culture technology, has the totipotency theory according to the vegetable cell, the use plant body exsomatize organ (for example root, stem, leaf, stem point, flower, fruit and so on), the organization (for example cambium, epidermis, cerebral cortex, marrow department cell, endosperm and so on) or the cell (for example big spore, small spore, somatic cell and so on) as well as the protoplast, in aseptic and suitable artificial culture medium and illumination, temperature and so on under artificial condition, can induce injuries the organization, not to decide the bud, the adventitious root, finally forms the complete adult plant the discipline.

植物组织培养即植物无菌培养技术，是根据植物细胞具有全能性的理论，利用植物体离体的器官(如根、茎、叶、茎尖、花、果实等)、组织（如形成层、表皮、皮层、髓部细胞、胚乳等）或细胞（如大孢子、小孢子、体细胞等）以及原生质体，在无菌和适宜的人工培养基及光照、温度等人工条件下，能诱导出愈伤组织、不定芽、不定根，最后形成完整的植株的学科。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。