孢子体

Protonema growth and gametophyte development of Encalypta ciliata are observed based on the cultivation of spore germination.

孢子的基础上，对其孢子萌发、原丝体发育及配子体发生的全过程进行了观察、描绘和照相。

The citric acid-producing strain Aspergillus niger 2363-2, was isolated and used in our research. The fermentation conditions were optimized as follows: sucrose as carbon source 8. 0-14. 0%, ammonium chloride as nitrogen source 3. 0-4. 0g/l, initial pH 2. 0, and cultural temperature 30℃. The influential factors of formation of spores were also studied, and a series of measures were taken to restrain the spore formation on the basis of our experimental results. With the consideration of the cultural environment and microbial cell itself, the factors affecting the duration of citric acid-producing activity of microbial cells were examined, and it is found that undissociated citric acid and the ageing of microbial cells are the main factors. The experimental results also show that partial replacement of fermentation broth can lengthen the duration of citric acid -producing acitivity of microbial cells.

筛选出了用于试验研究的柠檬酸发酵用菌Aspergillus niger 2363-2，确定了其最适发酵条件—碳源选用蔗糖，浓度8.0~14.0%，氮源为NH〓Cl，浓度3.0~4.0g/l，发酵初始pH值为2.0，培养温度30℃；讨论了分生孢子产生的影响因素，并通过试验提出了抑制分生孢子产生的措施；从分析微生物所处的环境和微生物本身两个方面出发，探讨了影响微生物菌体产酸活性持久性的因素，认为分子态柠檬酸和菌体本身的老化是影响微生物产酸活性持久性的两个主要因素，并提出采用部分置换发酵液发酵能延长微生物菌体的产酸活性。

Young thalluscells of low development are easy to dedifferentiate and grow intoseedings directly,while mature thallus cells have to releasemonospores to form seedings through a stage of multicellular groupfor dedifferentiation.Old thallus,mainly of productive cells,releasecarporspores to form conchocelis at last.

幼嫩的叶状体细胞，由于其分化程度低，易于脱分化而直接长成细胞苗；成熟的叶状体细胞，要经过多细胞团这样一个脱分化的阶段，然后放散单孢子成苗；而老叶状体以生殖细胞为主，只能放散果孢子，最终长成丝状体。

Dendrocalamus sinicus ; reproductive organs ; megasporogenesis ; microsporogenesis ; male gametophyte ; female gametophyte

巨龙竹；生殖器官；大孢子发生；小孢子发生；雄配子体；雌配子体

In order to better understand their phylogenetic relationship and identify the uncertain species, the sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssurRNA, 16 S rRNA) genes of nine microsporidia infectious to the silkworm, Bombyx mori, were determined.

微孢子虫是真核生物，但其核糖体及核糖体RNA为原核生物型。为探讨9种家蚕病原性微孢子虫的种属地位及亲缘关系，对已广泛用於生物进化分类的核糖体小亚单位RNA基因进行了研究。

Myxosporidia disease: There are nearly a thousand species of Myxosporidia . The common are: silver carp drjagini、 pie-shaped drjagini、 crucian carp drjagini、 round drjagini、 special-shaped drjagini、 weishan cercospora cryptosporidium 、 silver carp rotary insect 、brain myxosoma (port quarantine of the first category object)、 the Chinese myxosoma、ShiZhen myxosoma、bipolar insects、Jitao Thelohanellus、Library Road insects etc.

粘孢子虫病：粘孢子虫近千种，常见的有：鲢碘泡虫、饼形碘泡虫、鲫碘泡虫、圆形碘泡虫、异形碘泡虫、微山尾孢虫、鲢旋缝虫，脑粘体虫、中华粘体虫、时珍粘体虫、两极虫、吉陶单极虫、库道虫等。

Light microscope was employed to observe spore germination, protonemal development, gametophyte differentiation of Ptychomitrium sinense indoor cultured. The results showed that in P.

：通过室内人工培养中华缩叶藓的孢子，在光学显微镜下详细观察了其孢子萌发、原丝体发育及配子体发生的全过程。

Morphology, and nucleus phase showed that arthrospores are larger than basidiospores in diameter, basidiospores are mononuclear cells, the majority of arthrospores are dikaryocytes and the mononuclear cells are in minority, myceIia are dikaryocytes with typical clamp connection.

显微形态及核相观察表明：节孢子直径略大于担孢子，担孢子为单核细胞，节孢子绝大多数为单核细胞，少数为双核细胞，菌丝体为双核细胞并具有典型的锁状联合结构。

Morphology and nucleus phase showed that arthrospores are larger than basidiospores in diameter, basidiospores are mononuclear cells, the majority of arthrospores are dikaryocytes and the mononuclear cells are in minority, mycelia are dikaryocytes with typical clamp connection.

显微形态及核相观察表明：节孢子直径略大于担孢子，担孢子为单核细胞，节孢子绝大多数为单核细胞，少数为双核细胞，菌丝体为双核细胞并具有典型的锁状联合结构。

This two species of Gloiopeltis could mature and release spores at illuminance 2 500~8 500 lx. For no nutrient addition to the stocking water the two species of Gloiopeltis could mature and release spores, while nutrient addition too high (80 mg·L-1 NaNO3 and 8 mg·L-1 KH2PO4) it was not good for the mature and spores release of this two species alga.

结果表明，在水温10~20℃培养条件下，海萝能成熟放散孢子；在水温12~24℃时，鹿角海萝能成熟放散孢子；在光照2 500~8 500 lx的范围内，2种海萝均能成熟放散孢子；培养海水中不添加营养盐对这2种海萝的成熟没有影响，培养液的浓度高达硝酸钠80 mg·L-1、磷酸二氢钾8 mg·L-1时反而不利于藻体的成熟及孢子放散附着。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。