孢子体

The results show that this strain was a typical acidophile with optimal growth pH being 2.0 for hypha and pH 3.0-4.0 for the spore germination. Peptone was the most suitable nitrogen source which helped produce xylanase induced by xylan during stationary phase. The resultant xylanase reacted best at 50℃-55℃ and pH 3.5, and had activities 70% after 60 min maintenance under optimum reaction conditions.

结果表明：实验菌株嗜酸，菌丝生长最适pH为2.0，孢子萌发生长适宜pH为3.0-4.0；木聚糖诱导菌体在生长稳定期大量产生木聚糖酶，蛋白胨是菌体产酶的适宜氮源；菌株所产木聚糖酶属于酸性木聚糖酶，反应最适pH3.5、最适温度50℃-55℃，在最适反应条件下保温60min，残余酶活仍接近70%，适用于较强酸性的高温加工环境。

According to the formation of the apomitic embryos, apomixis could be divided into three major types: diplospory, apospory and adventive embryony.

按其胚体发生的途径，无融合生殖可分为二倍体孢子生殖、无配子生殖和不定胚生殖三种类型。

Above results suggest that the nuclear genes controlling amyloplast development may express in the uninuclear microspore and continue to be active in the VC, while the genes controlling plastid dedifferentiation may be promoted in the GC after the first mitotic division.

以上结果表明可能控制造粉质体的核基因在单核小孢子中表达并继续在营养细胞中起作用，而控制质体脱分化的基因在第一次有丝分裂后才在生殖细胞中被启动。

Antheridium formation was not promoted when young gametophytes of C. podophylla were treated with their own mature gametophytes or those of Pteridium aquilinum Kuhn, Lygodium japonicum Sw., or Ceratopteris thalictroides Brongn. Their spores did not germinate at all in dark conditions. These results indicate that there is no antheridiogen (and possibly no germinin, either) in this species.

鬼桫椤之幼配子体并未受到蕨、海金沙、水蕨及其本种之成熟配子体影响而促进其藏精器的产生，其孢子亦未在所有处理之黑暗环境中发芽，此结果显示本种不产生促精素。

It was proved by ultrastructure observations that male plastid excluded during microspore mitosis.

超微结构的研究证明了菜豆雄性质体在小孢子分裂时被排除，质体全部分布在营养细胞中，初形成的生殖细胞已不含质体。

The fungicidal activity of methanol extract was higher than that of ethyl acetate extract, and the inhibition rates were higher than 90% against Alternaria longipes, Fusarium oxysporium, Gibberella zeae, Glomerella cingulata, Exserohilum turcicum under the concentration of 1000g/mL The results of the inhibition of spore germination indicated that the fermentation products exhibited obvious inhibition rate against Alternaria longipes, Exserohilum turcicum and Fusarium coeruleum, the EC50 values was 59.4g/mL, 96.5g/mL and 132.5g/mL. In the bioassay of the fermentation products against Bacillus sub tills and Bacillus cereus, by means of detection fo inhibition zone, the inhibition zone diameter was 20mm and 27mm. The results of pot tests that methanol extract showed higher than 70% of protective efficacy and therapeutic efficacy against wheat powdery mildew under the concentration of 2000g/mL.

其中，甲醇提取物的抑菌活性比乙酸乙酯提取物强，在1000g/mL浓度下对烟草赤星病菌、马铃薯干腐病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、玉米大斑病菌的菌丝生长抑制率均大于90%；抑制孢子萌发法试验结果表明，2K3菌株菌丝体的甲醇提取物对烟草赤星病菌玉米大斑病菌和马铃薯干腐病菌的EC50分别为59.4g/mL、96.5g/mL和132.5g/mL；管碟法生测结果表明，2K3菌株菌丝体的甲醇提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌和蜡状芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别为20mm和27mm；盆栽试验结果表明，2K3菌株菌丝体的甲醇提取物在2000g/mL浓度下对小麦白粉病的治疗和保护作用均在70%以上。

After the microscope through the cultivation of detection, slender hyphae, bifurcation, and short stem hyphae collateral for its health or the alternate on the branch, the branch can continue to branch, forming two, three branch , is the end of vase-shaped branching stems, spores observed liquid spherical sporangium producers body, the formation of conidia oval eggs, smooth-walled.

通过培养后显微镜观察检测，菌丝细长、分叉多，梗为菌丝的短侧枝，其上对生或互生分枝，分枝上又可继续分枝，形成2级，3级分枝，分枝末端即为瓶状梗，孢子液制片观察到球形孢子囊体，分生孢子卵形成椭圆形，壁光滑。

After pathogenic fungi identified,we found 26 of them can cause cotton leaf spot. The 26 pathogenetic strains were carried out morphological and molecular identification of the firm. The initial identification of the pathogens is through the morphological observation such as the determination of growth, colony morphology, conidia and conidial stalk.

通过对生长量的测定，菌落形态，分生孢子和分生孢子梗等形态学观察进行形态学鉴定；通过PCR扩增真菌核糖体基因转录间隔区序列并测序，并将序列在GenBank上进行同源性比对和构建系统系统发育树等方法进行分子鉴定，鉴定出这26株真菌分属链格孢属、镰孢属、黑孢属、刺盘孢属、匍柄霉属等5个属。

NJWGY3665 bacterial strain is inoculated in a glucose nutrient culture medium to carry out the slant culture, the culture temperature is 28 to 37 DEG C and the culture time is 2 to 6 days;(2) seed culture: a spore which is cultured on a slant is produced into a single-spore suspension by using sterile water, which is also inoculated in a seed culture medium for culture, the temperature is 28 to 32 DEG C, the rotational speed is 200rpm and the culture lasts for 2 to 6 days;(3) fermentation culture: the seed liquid is inoculated in a fermentation culture medium for culture, the temperature is controlled at 28 to 37 DEG C, the pH is controlled at 6.0 to 9.0, the rotational speed is 180 to 220rpm, the fermentation lasts for 5 to 9 days, so as to obtain the Streptomyces sp., methanol or ethanol is used for the extraction and separation of mycelium through the method of centrifugal separation, then the resin method is adopted for carrying out refining, so as to obtain the peptide antibiotics enramycin.

NJWGY3665菌种接到葡萄糖营养培养基中，进行斜面培养，培养温度28-37℃，培养时间2-6天；(2)种子培养：用无菌水将斜面上培养的孢子制成单孢子悬液，并接种到种子培养基中培养，温度为28～32℃，转速为200rpm，培养2-6天；(3)发酵培养：将种子液接种到发酵培养基中培养，温度控制在28-37℃，pH控制在6.0-9.0，转速180-220rpm，发酵5-9天，得到链霉菌，采用离心分离的方法将菌丝体用甲醇或乙醇进行提取分离，再采用树脂方法进行精制，获得多肽类抗生素安来霉素。

The organization of the ribosomal RNA genes of N.antheraeae is LSU-ITS1-SSU-ITS2-5S,a pattern similar to those of N.bombycis.

柞蚕微孢子虫的核糖体基因排列顺序为LSU—ITS—SSU—ITS—5S，和家蚕微孢子虫的排列顺序相同，是一种即不同于真核生物，也不同于原核生物的排列顺序。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。