孢子体

Alternation of generations can be divided into two basic types, one for the same shape alternation of generations, the sporophyte and the gametophyte in the morphology similar size, only cytology and physiology are different, such as Ulva, etc.; another type of shape alternation of generations, that is, in the sporophyte and gametophyte morphology and size are also significant differences.

世代交替又可分为两种基本类型，一为同形世代交替，即孢子体和配子体在形态大小上类似，仅在细胞学上和生理上有所不同，如石莼等；另一类型为异形世代交替，即孢子体和配子体在形态结构和大小上也有明显差异。

Apospory The devlopment of the gametophyte directly from the cell of a sporophyte, thus bypassing meiosis and spore production.

无孢子生殖：配子体的发育直接来自孢子体的细胞而不经过减数分裂和孢子产生的生殖过程。

The result indicates that spore germination shapes prothallium at keeping wet, cortrolling temperature and covering with 75% shading rate.

结果表明：在保湿、控制温度、覆盖遮光率为75%的遮阳网的条件下孢子发芽率高，能正常形成原叶体，继续培养均能进入有性世代形成孢子体幼苗，其中在山林腐殖土和壤土按1：1的比例混合的基质上最适于孢子萌发和幼苗生长，出苗量可达3500株/m2；在杭州采集的紫萁孢子萌发后形成的原叶体、孢子体均比在湖北民族学院采集的耐高温性好。

The spore germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are studied. It indicates that :① the development period of prothallium and young sporophyte of the same species is different due to seeding time of spores;② the optimal temperatures of spores germination and gametophyte development of 21 ferns are about 15 -24 ℃;③ the rate of spore germination of rare ferns is much lower than the ferns which occur large populations in nature;④ the treatment with GA 3 can accelerate the germination of the spores;⑤ the prothallium changes from large to small, green to yellow when young sporophyte comes out. The prothalliums of all 21 ferns die away after the appear of the 3rd leaf of sporophytes;⑥ shapes of the 1st and 2nd leaves of the young sporophyte are different from those emerged later;⑦ spores cultured in dark can not germinate;⑧ a prothallium can develop only one young sporophyte though it has many archegoniums, and the spore propagation with leaf mould substrate is an economical method.

摘 要：以腐叶土为培养基质，对 21 种蕨类植物进行了孢子萌发和原叶体发育的研究，结果表明：①不同时期播种的同种蕨类的孢子，发育出原叶体和幼孢子体所历经的时间长短不同；②孢子萌发和配子体生长发育的适宜温度约为 15 ～ 24 ℃；③稀有蕨类的孢子萌发率低，而在野外能形成较大种群的蕨类的孢子萌发率高；④用 GA 3 处理孢子可以促进萌发；⑤当原叶体上长出幼孢子体时，原叶体由大变小，由绿变黄， 21 种蕨类的原叶体都在幼孢子体上长出第 3 片叶时消失；⑥幼孢子体上长出的第 1 、 2 片叶在形态上与以后长出的叶不同；⑦孢子萌发需要光；⑧ 1 片原叶体尽管有多个颈卵器，但仅发育出 1 株幼孢子体；⑨利用腐叶土进行蕨类孢子繁殖是一种经济实用的繁殖方法。

The structure within which spores of the sporophyte generation of mosses and liverworts are formed.

孢蒴：苔类和藓类植物孢子体世代产生孢子的膨大结构，位于孢子体柄状结构的末端。

In addition, the results of male gametophytic selection would be effect the phenotype of offspring in sporophyte due to about two-thirds of gene expression proceed during the growth stage of gametophyte and sporophyte.

此外，由于植物基因组中约有2/3的基因表达交错发生在配子体阶段和孢子体阶段，因此雄配子体选择的结果会影响到下一代孢子体的表现型。

The development of a gametophyte directly from a sporophyte without the occurrence of meiosis or spore formation.

无孢子形成，无孢子生殖，无孢子状态没有经过减数分裂或孢子形成而直接由孢子体进行的配子体发育

Haploid spores are mostly, but there are a small number of diploid , such as the brown algae and some species of Ectocarpus are still on the sporophyte produces diploid mitosis after the swimming spores, which germinate directly to produce sporophytes.

孢子大多为单倍体，但也有少数为二倍体，如褐藻中的水云等一些种类还在孢子体上经过有丝分裂产生二倍体的游动孢子，它直接萌发产生孢子体。

In this paper the authors report on the biological characteristics of Al-sophila spinulosa Hook.

孢子—原叶体—孢子体的生活周期长，并且在丝状体、原叶体和幼孢子体阶段，无特殊结构去抵抗和忍耐一切不利环境因子的影响。3。

If continuously culture, all can enter the sexual generation and shape sporophytic young seedling.

继续培养均能进入有性世代形成孢子体幼苗，其中在山林腐殖土和壤土按1：1的比例混合的基质上最适于孢子萌发和幼苗生长，出苗量可达3500株／m^2；在杭州采集的紫萁孢子萌发后形成的原叶体、孢子体均比在湖北民族学院采集的耐高温性好。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。