孢子中壁

The results showed that conidia were thin -walled and smooth to thick walled and verrucose; fat bodies accumulated gradually in both conidium and conidiogenous cell, and finally laid over the inner wall of conidium and disappeared in conidiogenous cell.

分生孢子发育的超微结构研究表明，分生孢子壁的发育是有个由薄而光滑到厚而有疣的过程；期间脂肪体在分生孢子和产孢细胞中不断累积，最后脂肪体沿着内壁排列成一层。

Subsequently, the tapetum cell began to disorganize, and it kept the strongest Ca^2＋ fluorescence intensity from microspore to pollen maturity until the tapetum was disappeared completely.

在花药壁组织内Ca^2＋分布也呈现规律性的变化：造孢组织时期，花药壁组织Ca^2＋荧光强度在不同壁层组织中分布均匀；小孢子母细胞时期，药壁中层细胞Ca^2＋荧光最强，绒毡层细胞次之；单核小孢子时期，绒毡层细胞呈解体状态，Ca^2＋荧光最强，并保持到二核花粉时期直至绒毡层完全消失，但此时花药纤维层发育形成，表现出较强的Ca^2＋荧光。

One of the elongated, thick-walled cells that give strength and support to plant tissue .

孢子一种外壁很厚的组织，孢子在这里受精发育，再把他们转入新的个体中

Lysis solutions from imported and domestic genomic DNA purification kits,and 2% Trition X-100 and 5%guanidinium isothiocyanate were added into the oocysts,followed by different combining forms of freeze-thawing,proteinase K and sonication.Real-time PCR was used to determine the copies of Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene.HCT-8 cells were infected by C.andersoni oocysts.Real-time PCR was used to determine the enhancement effect of fetal calf serum,glucose,ascorbic acid,folic acid,calcium pantothenate and insulin while added into RPMI-1640 medium.

在隐孢子虫卵囊悬液中分别加入进口试剂盒和国产试剂盒的裂解液以及2%Triton X-100和5%异硫氰酸胍，辅以不同组合方式使用的冻融法、蛋白酶K法和声裂法裂解卵囊，通过Real-time PCR法测定裂解产物中隐孢子虫卵囊囊壁蛋白(Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein，COWP)基因拷贝数。

Nevertheless, the mosquitoes provide a physiological milieu, for sporogony of the malaria parasites.

已知蚊虫天然免疫系统在疟原虫穿壁、卵囊发育和子孢子移行进腺等过程中产生包括局部和全身性多位点的免疫反应，同时蚊虫为疟原虫孢子生殖阶段提供必不可少的生理环境。

The reproductive development process of birch was described as follows: Male inflorescences extended from apical bud in early June. In later June, stamen primodium was differentiated in the bract of male inflorescence and the differentiation of bract was generated in female inflorescence. During July, anther layers and archesporial cell were differentiated in anther, then archesporial cell developed into mother microspore cell. Pistil primodium came into being at the same time. In early part of August the meiosis of mother microspore cell started. In later August, mono-nucleus microspore was formed. After September, both male inflorescence and female inflorescence were dormant.

白桦的生殖生长发育过程如下：6月初，雄花序从顶芽中生长出来。6月中下旬，雄花序苞片上分化出雄蕊原基，雌花序分化出苞片。7月，雄花花药分化出花药壁和孢原细胞，孢原细胞演化为小孢子母细胞，雌花序苞腋处分化出雌蕊原基；8月中上旬，小孢子母细胞减数分裂，8月下旬形成单核小孢子；9月后雄花序以单核小孢子状念越冬，雌花序以雌蕊原基状念越冬。

Using cytohischemical staining methods, with the results of comparison the dynamics of proteins and polysaccharides in the anthe wall cells and colule cells of different developmental phases in female and male flowers, the anormogenesis of anther tapetum in the inflecting phase of from bisexual flower to unisexual flower was observed. In microspore developed phase, the tapetum functions of preserving and transportingmutritive material for microspore development and of secreting callosal enzyme for decompositing callosal cell lost no normal guadrant formed, of being abnormal meiose of pollen mother cells, and then, the stamen aborted selectively in female flowers and pistil in male flower.

利用细胞组织化学染色技术，对雌、雄花雄蕊花药壁细胞及花药内细胞发育过程中多糖及蛋白质动态进行了比较，实验中观察到雌花在从两性至单性花转变时期雄蕊绒毡层在整个发育过程中表现异常，在小孢子发育过程中未能起到贮藏、转运营养物质供小孢子发育及适时分泌胼胝质酶溶解胼胝质壁的功能，并且花粉母细胞减数分裂异常而未形成四分体结构，进而导致雌花雄蕊选择性败育，而雄花中雌蕊组织也发生了选择性败育过程。

Immunogold labeling demonstrated that there was no chitin and cellulose in young and thin conidial walls; chitin appeared in the well-developed wall in later stage of conidial development and little cellulose, however, was detectable in the wall of mature conidia.

免疫金标记结果显示，幼嫩的分生孢子壁中缺乏几丁质和纤维素，只有在成熟的分生孢子壁中含有几丁质；出乎意料的是在成熟分生孢子中发现有少量纤维素的存在。

In the stage of sporogenous tissue, the Ca^2＋ fluorescence intensity was well-proportioned in different cell layer of anther wall.

早期四分体小孢子细胞质中Ca^2＋荧光强度较强，胼胝质壁无荧光；后期细胞质中的Ca^2＋荧光减弱，而胼胝质壁处Ca^2＋荧光增强。

Detailed study indicates that this kind of micrini-tes, in fact, is typical fungus megaspores that are distributed widely in modernarid and semiarid steppe areas of northern China.

通过对我国各地130余块表层土壤样品的分析，发现了多种类型的真菌孢子，其中有一类大孢子(大小100-350μm，外壁厚5-10μm以上)与在黄土地层及红粘土层中发现的带尾的微球粒形态是一致的，进一步研究认为这种微球粒实际上是一类分布在我国北方干旱、半干旱草原区的真菌大孢子。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。