孢囊孢子

Female gametogenesis in higher plants undergoes various developmental changes, including the de novo formation of germline cells, the differentiation of the megaspore mother cell, meiosis, megaspore selection, and the development of the embryosac.

高等植物雌配子体的形成涉及孢原细胞和大孢子母细胞的确立与分化、大孢子发生、功能大孢子以及胚囊的形成和发育等多种复杂调控过程。随着当代生物技术及功能基因组学的发展，近年对雌配子体发育的研究已从细胞学描述逐渐过渡到对基因和发育调控分子机理的探索。

In fungi it may be a simple hypha or erect branch of a hyphae; in lower vascular plants it may be a leaf or a STROBILUS.

在真菌中孢囊柄可能为一条菌丝或为直立的菌丝体结构。在低等维管植物中可能为孢子叶或球果。

The sporulated oocyst holds 2 sporocysts and each sporocyst contains 2 sporozoites,i.e.each oocyst contains a total of 4 sporozoites.

新排出的未孢子化卵囊培养后可观察到孢子化的卵囊，内含2个孢子囊，每个孢子囊内含有2个折光性较强的子孢子。

To find out the substitute parameters for pathogenic microorganism warning aiming at potential pathogenic microorganism pollution accidents happened in water environment,the relationships between turbidity ,particle counts and concentration,removal,recovery rate of Giardia cyst and Cryptosporidium oocyst in raw and filtered water are presented.

针对潜在的病原微生物突发性水污染事故，为寻找病原微生物预警替代性指标，重点探讨浑浊度、颗粒计数与原水、过滤水中贾第鞭毛虫孢囊和隐孢子虫卵囊浓度、回收率、去除的关系，认为浑浊度与颗粒计数可以作为水厂处理效果与饮用水受两虫污染的指示指标，并结合水厂的实际情况提出相应的控制方法和建议，指出暴雨时应特别注意两虫的爆发

Compare with Zygomycetes which produce sporangiospores inside a sporangium.

而接合菌的无性孢子是在孢子囊内产生孢囊孢子。

Microspore Ye as the feather, small sporophyll sac formed by the polymerization, each polymer capsules formed by four small sporangia, small spores with dual airbags, and airbag Pinaceae pollen is similar to large sporophyll from the central axis and arranged in Brachypodium feather composition, Each Yibing has a shell bucket, each bucket containing shell upright ovules 10-12 months.

小孢子叶枝为羽状，小孢子叶由聚合囊组成，每个聚合囊由4个小孢子囊组成，小孢子具双气囊，与松科植物花粉的气囊相似，大孢子叶由中轴及羽状排列的短柄组成，每一柄上有一个壳斗，每个壳斗内有10—12个直立的胚珠。

Species delimitation in halophytophthora is based mainly on the morphology of zoosporangium, the presence of vesicle or/and plug, and the mode of zoospore release.

目前halophytophthora有15个种和2个变种，而其分类是依据游动孢囊的形态及游动孢子的释放机制。

Some of these spores in the sporangium After the mitotic generated, such as clothes swimming algae spores, Rhizopus spores of the cyst, chlorella-like pro-spores, etc.; some spores in the sporangia produced in the future through meiosis, such as Ulva lactuca , kelp, to money, gourd moss, fern and so on.

其中有的孢子是在孢子囊中经过有丝分裂所产生的，如衣藻的游动孢子、根霉的孢囊孢子、小球藻的似亲孢子等；有的孢子是在孢子囊中经过减数分裂以后产生的，如石莼、海带、地钱、葫芦藓、蕨等。

From 94 soil samples and 9 bark samples in these areas, 259 Myxobacteria strains were isolated and 140 strains of them were purified. These 259 Myxobacteria strains were primarily identified in genus or species level by their fruiting bodies, myxospores and vegetative cells on the base of Sergey's manual of determinative bacteriology and they belonged to 9 genera(Myxococcus, Corallococcm. Angiococcus. Archangium, Cystobacter. Stigmatella . Hapoangium. Nannocystis. Polyangium) of Myxococcales.

根据菌株的特征性子实体形态和其营养细胞、粘孢子形态，以《Bergey's manualof determinative bacteriology》第九版为依据，将分离纯化出的菌株初步鉴定到属，这259株粘细菌菌株经过初步的分类鉴定，分属于9个属，即粘球菌属139株、珊瑚球菌属20株、囊球菌属18株、原囊菌属21株、孢囊杆菌属5株、标桩菌属36株、单囊菌属9株、小囊菌属3株，和多囊菌属8株。

Ninety seven spores or sporocarps of VAMF were wet sieved from the rhizosphere soil of mycorrhized pteridophytes, from which 25 VAMF species which belonged to the genera of Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Sclerocystis and Scutellospora respectively were identified, and the taxonomic characters of the 25 species were described. The Glomus fungi were the dominant VAMF in the rhizosphere soil of pteridophytes, they took up 44% in the identified 25 VAMF (11 species belong to Glomus); the fungi in Acaulospora and Sclerocystis in the next place, they took up 24% and 16% respectively in the identified VAMF; the fungi in the other genera took up 16%. In terms of the relationships of pteridophytes and the VAMF isolated from their rhizosphere soil, there was no specifity between the VAMF and their host.

从具有VA菌根的蕨类植物对应的根际土壤中用湿筛法筛取了97份VA菌根真菌的孢子或孢子果，从中鉴定出了分属于无醒囊霉属、巨孢囊霉属、球囊霉属、硬囊霉属和盾孢囊霉属的VA菌根真菌25种，并对这25种真菌的分类学特征进行了描述；球囊霉属真菌是蕨类植物根际土壤中的优势类群，已鉴定的25种真菌中，有11种属球囊霉属真菌，占44%，其次是无梗囊霉属和硬囊霉属真菌，分别占24%和16%，其他属的VA菌根真菌占16%，从分离鉴定的蕨类植物根际土壤中的VA菌根真菌与蕨类植物的关系看，VA菌根真菌与蕨类植物之间无明显的专一性。

The objective is to subjugate and discourage the people, because that allows the elite to continue to rule unopposed.

其目的是压制和打击人民的积极性，因为这可以让实权派继续统治不会沦为反对派。

GOD,this is the second time you vanquished me!

天啊，这是第二次你打败了我！