存在的性质

Title: Study on Decision Rule Optimization and Organization of Group Decision-making Abstract Group decision-making, as one of the basic forms of decision-making, plays an important role in economic and political fields due to the ever-increasing complexity of decision issue and the enhanced democracy awareness. Research of group decision-making is receiving more and more attention as the cutting edge of decision-making theory. Fruitful results are achieved in this field, while there are still some weak aspects for further research, especially in the organization and decision process ot group decision-making. Researches in those fields are instrumental in optimizing the organization and decision process of group decision-making. And we have made some exploration in this paper as follows.

随着决策问题的日趋复杂化和人们民主意识的增强，群体决策作为决策的一种基本形式，在政治和经济生活中占有越来越重要的地位，而群体决策作为决策理论研究的热点和前沿也在国内外方兴未艾，并取得了丰硕的成果，但也存在一些薄弱环节和需要深入研究的问题，特别是在群体决策的组织结构和决策过程方面，如群体决策的规则优化、决策规则的约束性质、群体决策中领导的影响、决策者之间的相关性对决策质量的影响、序贯群体决策中各种组织因素对其决策质量、决策效率、决策收益的影响等等。

The Formula of Concord deals with the following articles of faith:(1) original sin;(2) bondage of the will (affirming monergism in conversion and salvation by grace alone);(3) justification (stressing the forensic nature of justification);(4) good works;(5) the distinction between law and gospel;(6) the third use of the law (ie, the necessity of preaching law in the Christian community);(7) the Lord's Supper (confessing the Lutheran doctrine of the sacramental union and the real presence);(8) the person of Christ (emphasizing the communication of attributes of the two natures);(9) the descent into hell (Christ's actual descent and victory over the forces of evil);(10) adiaphora;(11) predestination (to salvation by grace for Christ's sake, but not to hell);(12) various heresies Anabaptism, Schwenckfeldianism, Neo-Arianism, etc.

该公式的康科德涉及下列条款信念：（ 1 ）原罪；（ 2 ）枷锁的意志（申明monergism在转换和救赎恩典，由单）；（ 3 ）的理由；（ 4 ）具有良好的工程；（ 5 ）之间的区别，法律和福音（ 6 ）第三届使用的法律（即，有必要鼓吹法在基督教社区），（ 7 ）主的晚餐（供认路德教义的圣事联盟和真实存在），（ 8 ）该人的基督（强调沟通的属性的两个性质）；（ 9 ）后裔到地狱（基督的实际后裔和战胜的力量邪恶）；（ 10 ） adiaphora ；（ 11 ）宿命（救赎恩惠为基督的缘故，而不是地狱）；（ 12 ）各种异端邪说（ anabaptism ， schwenckfeldianism ，新arianism等）。

Nevertheless, without going into the minutiae of the business, the eloquent fact remained that the sea was there in all its glory and in the natural course of things somebody or other had to sail on it and fly in the face of providence though it merely went to show how people usually contrived to load that sort of onus on to the other fellow like the hell idea and the lottery and insurance which were run on identically the same lines so that for that very reason if no other lifeboat Sunday was a highly laudable institution to which the public at large, no matter where living inland or seaside, as the case might be, having it brought home to them like that should extend its gratitude also to the harbourmasters and coastguard service who had to man the rigging and push off and out amid the elements whatever the season when duty called Ireland expects that every man and so on and sometimes had a terrible time of it in the wintertime not forgetting the Irish lights, Kish and others, liable to capsize at any moment, rounding which he once with his daughter had experienced some remarkably choppy, not to say stormy, weather.

尽管如此，即使不细微地进行调查，大海依然光辉灿烂地存在着这一雄辩的事实终归是无法否定的。一般总会有人大胆地违悖天意，继续航行。不过，这也仅仅表示人们通常是怎样挖空心思把此类重担转嫁给旁人。比方说，地狱这个观念也罢，彩票和保险也罢，都是同一性质的，因此，单凭这个理由，"救生艇星期日"这一组织也是值得嘉许的。广大公众不论住在内地还是海边，一旦清楚地了解了，就应该感谢水上警察署长和沿岸警备队克尽职责。因为不论什么季节，爱尔兰期待每人今天各尽自己的职责等等。冬季有时天气恶劣，也非出发不可。他们得安排人去管缆绳，不要忘了那些爱尔兰灯船，基什的，还有旁的。随时都有可能翻船。有一次他带着女儿乘船绕过它航行。虽然还说不上是狂风暴雨的天气，倒也饱尝了恶浪翻滚的滋味。

And then some ellipses that AUGR estimator is better than the OLS estimator and AUGL estimator is better than the OLS estimator are given, respectively.Second, the definition of the almost unbiased unified biased estimator is proposed. This definition includes the familiar almost unbiased estimators in literatures, and it is the unified expression of the familiar almost unbiased estimators. Followed the biased and variance are compared of AUUB estimator and the unified biased estimator, respectively. AUUB estimator has smaller bias than UB estimator and the variance of AUUB estimator is between the variance of UB estimator and 4 times of the variance of UB estimator. Finally the properties of AUUB estimator are discussed. The conclusion is gained that there are parameters made AUUB estimator is better than OLS estimator in terms of their mean square error. The sufficient and necessary condition that AUUB estimator is admissible is given. The ellipse is given that AUUB estimator is

然后给出了几乎无偏统一有偏估计的定义，该定义包括了文献中常见的几乎无偏估计，实现了常见几乎无偏估计的统一表达式；接下来我们比较了几乎无偏统一有偏估计与统一有偏估计的偏度与方差，得出了几乎无偏统一有偏估计比统一有偏估计有较小的偏度，几乎无偏统一有偏估计的方差介于统一有偏估计的方差与统一有偏估计的方差的四倍之间的结论；最后我们对统一有偏估计的主要性质作了讨论，证明了存在参数K，S使得几乎无偏统一有偏估计在均方误差意义下优于最小二乘估计的结论，给出了几乎无偏统一有偏估计为可容许估计的充要条件，还给出了在均方误差阵意义下几乎无偏统一有偏估计优于最小二乘估计的椭球。

The Heaven and the Way is the both the changeableness of the universe and the thought to pursue harmony in the world; The Humanity is the thought to pursue harmony in the conflict society by culturing mind, which means a real person must be of disenchantment in thought and self restraint in behavior, and the society is of solicitude for human, all that is the ZhongYong; The Unifying and the Changing is the harmony in evolvement, the essence of the universe and thought;as a thought, it is the Way of communication between human and nature or society; The one is ultimate perfection but that means death, only in its own transcending it becomes the the primary chaos,namely ultimately the Chinese thought.

本文中使用的中国思想区别于一般使用的"中国传统思想"，中国思想具有的自身的本体性意义，它不同于对一般的思想观念的研究，不是研究它所表达的内容的特点和性质，也不是指某种具体思想观念的产生和发展的演变，而是指思想自身作为动力性本质的本体性存在过程；"中国传统思想"则具有它所指称的历史内容，是指中国文化历史进程中具体的思想脉络，当然"中国传统思想"也有概念自身特定的研究意义，但那是建立在全部历史内容的基础上，用来表达中国历史自身的精神特质。

Meanwhile, it could be seen that there does not exist a confidence interval with width less than 0.5 because of the property of Poisson distribution. Based on these conditions, the author mainly carried out research into two aspects of this problem as follows. Firstly, by numerical and theoretical analysis, the author compares some existent confidence intervals, for example,"exact" confidence interval, Wald confidence interval and Bayesian confidence interval, and finds some deficiencies points of the confidence intervals, whose modification version has been proposed .Also, several better confidence intervals such asare also presented .Secondly, for given confidence coefficient and interval width, the author constructs a class of asymptotical two-stage interval estimate procedures. At the same time, under varies restriction of confidence coefflcientent interval width, the optional sample size of the first stage has been computed by numerical computation. The numerical computation shows that the method considered in this dissertation have good properties and applied value.

同时，由于Poisson分布的特性，我们知道不存在其参数区间长度小于0.5的置信区间，基于这些情况，我们主要展开了以下两个方面的研究：一是利用数值计算分析与理论分析的方法对现有的若干置信区间如"精确"置信区间，Wald置信区间，Bayes置信区间等进行分析比较，发现了一些缺陷，针对这些缺陷，我们进行适当的修正，并得到几种性质较好的置信区间如：修正大样本区间Jeffreys原则下置信区间二是针对已给定的置信系数与区间长度，我们提出了一种渐近的两阶段区间估计程序，并利用数值计算的方法，在各种置信系数与区间长度限定下，算出了最优的第一阶段观测次数，大量数据表明，本文考虑的方法性态良好，具有应用价值。

On the whole, we do as follows: Firstly, we list some conceptions and lemmas for later use. Secondly, we define δ-fine partitions for infinite interval and integral of vector-valued functions on infinite interval, and discuss the properties of integral, and characterize its primitives...

主要包括以下五部分内容：在第一部分中，我们介绍了本文所用到的基本概念和引理；在第二部分中，通过定义无穷区间上δ-精细的分法，我们给出了无穷区间上向量值函数的积分的定义，并讨论其性质，还给出了原函数的刻划；在本文的第三部分中，我们着重讨论了无穷区间上向量值函数积分的收敛定理；在本文的在第四部分中，我们首先应用无穷区间上向量值函数积分的收敛定理给出了常微分方程整体广义解的存在性定理，其次应用强积分对Banach空间常微分方程广义解进行了讨论；最后，在第五部分中，我们将模糊积分推广到无穷区间上并给出了其数值计算方法。

The revenue of international roaming business is not as high as other sectors of telecommunications business; however, we found that the international roaming business meets the curve of Long Tail. After analyzing the three forces of forming a long-tail market, we discovered that international roaming itself is a virtual e-commerce to provide pure digital products for users and its marginal cost of inventory and marketing is nearly zero. In addition, the outbound or inbound roamers can easily use the roaming services through recommendation and searching machines under the structure of international interconnection and bilateral agreements.

国际漫游业务因性质上的缘故，在整体电信服务营收占比并不高，本非属热门商品之范畴，但透过「长尾理论」中形成长尾市场三股力量的分析，发现行动通信业务本身具有虚拟电子商务型态，得以提供纯粹数位商品，使得库存和配销的边际成本趋近於零，应证了「配销工具大众化」的条件；另藉由国际电信间的网路互连以及漫游商业协议下，使得出境或入境漫游者皆得透过推荐与搜寻方式使用原有之电信服务，亦应证「连结供给和需求」条件的存在。

The electrochemical behavior on tetramethylquinone in n-butylpyridini-um chloride-aluminum chloride, a room temperature molten salt , is dependent on theacidity of this melt.

四甲基苯醌在氯化正丁基吡啶－AlCl＿3室温熔盐中的电化学行为，和室温熔盐的酸碱度有关，在碱性熔盐中，四甲基苯醌以不络合的形式存在，电极上的还原过程是一个ECE过程；在酸性熔盐中，形成络合物TQ（AlCl＿3）＿m，络合数m为1，2，3，随熔盐酸度变化，此外，醌类物质芳香环上的取代基，也影响其电化学性质。

It differs from the scalar-valued case that the existence of the atomic decompositions of Banach-space-valued martingales is closely connected with the geometrical properties of the Banach spaces.

与标量值不同的是，在向量值情形下，这些鞅空间的某些类型的原子分解的存在性和它们之间的相互关系都与值空间的几何性质有紧密联系。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。