存在

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

And those who say that there was a time when the Son was not, or when the Holy Ghost was not, or that either was made of that which previously had no being, or that he is of a different nature or substance, and affirm that the Son of God and the Holy Spirit are subject to change and mutation; all such the Catholic and Apostolic Church, the mother both of you and of us, anathematizes.

大公和使徒的教会，你和我们的母亲，咒诅那些教导，曾有一时神的儿子不存在，或曾有一时圣灵不存在，或他们是原来不存在而被造的，或他有不同的性质或本质，和认定神的儿子与圣灵是会改变的和会变异的人。

We study the shareholders structure in Chinese public listed companies, the cause of formation, the abuse, the comparison with other countries and the relation between the controlling power and the shareholders structure,so as to find policies.In chapter four we discuss the cost of the private benefit from control by model when the block shareholder colludes with the manager.

在存在外部制衡的状态下，对模型进行了拓展，进一步研究在引入外部制衡力量后，公司在控股股东的控制下追求其自身效用的最大化所达到的均衡结果，并与不存在外部制衡情况下的均衡结果相比较，最后分别讨论了公司存在外部债务的情况下的模型的解和控股股东对公司捐赠利润的可能性。

Our results show that not only the club convergence has been obviously exhibited, that is, the output per capita congregates within the east, middle and west districts respectively; but also the conditional convergence has been identified, that is, given the same level of human capital, market openness and other factors the economic provinces have demonstrated a certain growth convergence.

本文认为中国地区间的经济增长，不仅存在着显著的&俱乐部收敛&特征，即按东中西划分的区域内部人均产出具有明显的聚集现象；而且存在着条件收敛的特征，即在具有相同的人力资本、市场开放度等结构特征的经济地区间存在着一定的增长收敛趋势。

Our results show that not only the club convergence has been obviously exhibited, that is, the output per capita congregates within the east, middle and west districts respectively; but also the conditional convergence has been identified, that is, given the same level of human capital, market ope...

本文认为中国地区间的经济增长，不仅存在着显著的&俱乐部收敛&特征，即按东中西划分的区域内部人均产出具有明显的聚集现象；而且存在着条件收敛的特征，即在具有相同的人力资本、市场开放度等结构特征的经济地区间存在着一定的增长收敛趋势。本文实证分析的结果还显示，各地区间工业化水平的差异和产业结构的变动对增长收敛性构成显著的影响。

Our results show thatnot only the club convergence has been obviously exhibited,that is ,the outputper capita congregates within the east,middle and west districts respectively;but also the conditional convergence has been identified,that is ,given the samelevel of human capital,market openness and other factors the economic provinceshave demonstrated a certain growth convergence.

本文认为中国地区间的经济增长，不仅存在着显著的&俱乐部收敛&特征，即按东中西划分的区域内部人均产出具有明显的聚集现象；而且存在着条件收敛的特征，即在具有相同的人力资本、市场开放度等结构特征的经济地区间存在着一定的增长收敛趋势。

According to the comprehension of fiancial information issue of list firms this paper, dis cusses the problems of financial information issue and causes in detail.And then puts forward some constructiue suggestions and assumptions, This will be helpful for the development and perfection of our coumry's stock market.

根据对我国上市公司信息披露存在的问题的了解与把握，详细地论述了目前我国上市公司信息披露中存在的问题，深刻地指出了该问题产生的原因，对如何解决上市公司信息披露中存在的问题提出了有建设性的建议与设想，对我国证券市场的发展与完善起着积极作用。

Comparing with the result of methyl iodide in intense laser field, some differences are observed:(1) at the same laser field intensity, the highest charged fragment ion of methyl bromide was Br(superscript 3+), lower than I(superscript 6+) of methyl iodide;(2) the dehydrogenation channel was observed in the multiphoton dissociation or Coulomb explosion of methyl bromide, but was not observed in the case of methyl iodide;(3) HBr(superscript +) was observed, but there was no similar channel in the case of methyl iodide;(4) for methyl bromide, the valid charge distance of Coulomb explosion increases with the product of p and q; while in the case of methyl iodide, the distance remained almost the same;(5) the producing channel of CH(superscript + subscript m)(m=0, 1, 2) is different from the ionization-dissociation of methyl iodide in which the stepwise dissociation of CH3(superscript +) was thought to be the main channel, CH(superscript + subscript m)(m=0, 1, 2) of methyl bromide are mainly from the products of the direct dissociation of the dehydrogenated parent ions instead of the stepwise dissociation of CH3(superscript +).

与碘甲烷在强场中的实验结果对比发现：(1)在相同的激光场强下，碘甲烷电离解离的最高价碎片离子为I(上标 6+)而溴甲烷为Br(上标 3+)；(2)溴甲烷质谱中存在母体离子的脱氢产物CHBr和CHBr(上标 2+)，而对于碘甲烷，没有检测到这些通道，C-I键首先断开；(3)质谱中存在H^79Br和H^81Br，而碘甲烷的电离解离中不存在HI产物；(4)溴甲烷库仑两体爆炸的有效电荷间距随着两碎片电荷乘积的增大而增大，而对于碘甲烷此间距几乎不随电荷乘积变化；(5)CH(m=0， 1， 2)的主要生成通道可能与碘甲烷不同，不是来自CH3的顺序脱氢，而是来自脱氢母体离子的直接解离。

To the question that the garden nursery of Beijing exists at present, for instance: The unordered competition still exists in the garden nursery of Beijing, nursery stock market have situation, operation mechanism of disordered state can meet development of market economy , lack long-term nursery stock plan, shoot timber structure await and improve, the quality of the nursery stock can not be got, garden nursery scientific research consciousness is desalinized , still lacks the qualified personnel in a specific field with engineering level, soil resource to consume seriously etc..

针对目前北京市园林苗圃存在的问题，如：北京市园林苗圃仍然存在着无序竞争、苗木市场存在无序状态的情况、运营机制不能适应市场经济的发展、缺乏长远的苗木规划，苗木结构有待改善、苗木的质量得不到有效保障、园林苗圃科研意识淡化、仍然缺少具有技术水平的专业人才、土壤资源消耗严重等。

German philosophers after Neo- Kantian defined human from society and history, but they dissevered the relationship between human and nature.

新康德主义以来的德国现代西方哲学倒是从社会历史的角度来定义人的性质，但是由于他们把人的存在与自然存在机械地割裂开来，历史本身成了不可把握的意义存在，对在其中生存的人的性质的规定也就走上了相对主义的道路。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐