孔洞

Therefore,conventional seismic data can be used to effectively predict large fractured,fractured-cavern,carven and cave reservoirs of Ordovician carbonate in Central Tarim basin.

因此，利用常规地震资料可以对塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩大裂缝型、裂缝-孔洞型、孔洞型、洞穴型储层进行有效预测。

A meso mechanical analysis has been conducted on a hot-rolling steel of 16MnR toinvestigate the effect of the elongated pre-damage voids on the subsequent damage evolution and fracture process under the maximum normal stresses with various directions. The analysis results show that, when the elongated voids due to the decohesion of the inclusions from base material are loaded subsequently, the local high stress and strain concentration around the voids and their interactions promote the growth of voids.

对热轧钢中的长条形初始损伤孔洞承受不同方向最大正应力时的后续损伤演化和断裂过程的细观有限元力学分析研究表明：热轧钢中的长条形夹杂物与基体剥离后形成的长条形孔洞在后续加载中，其周围产生的局部高应力应变集中及其相互作用，使孔洞长大。

This project studies the scale-dependent deformation behavior of the metal matrix composite, the void nucleation and void growth mechanisms at the micron/submicron scale. The main results are:(1) In prophase, growth and coalescence of the void embedded in the graded matrix are analyzed in detailed;(2) Based on the infinite solid model containing a micro-void, coupling effects of the void shape and the void size on the void growth are studied carefully, the results show that it seems to exist a critical equivalent void radius, which is associated with the material length. When radius of a microvoid is close to or smaller than the critical void radius, the micro-void growth rate is essentially eliminated;(3) The coupling effects of the particle shape and size on the mesoscopic stress fields within the particle and matrix are also investigated by introducing the conception of inclusion/matrix interfacial energy. The results show that the stress concentration factors within the particle and on the matrix/particle interface are also strongly size-dependent,so the void nucleation mechanism is size-dependent.(4) By employing a specific orthogonal curve coordinate frame and a 'kernel function' conception, a 'unified method'solving the spheriodal and spherical void problems is suggested; by this unified method, size-dependent plastic potentials of the porous materials containing the spheriodal or spherical voids are obtained, which extend the traditional Gurson model for the spherical void and GLD model for the spheriodal voids to the micron scale.(5) Based on the RVE model containing the spheriodal or spherical particles, the influences of the particle shape and size on the size-dependent mechanical behavior of metal matrix composite are studied.

中文摘要：本项目对金属基复合材料在微细观尺度下的尺度相关变形行为、孔洞形核及长大的机理和模型进行了研究，取得了如下主要结果：1）在前期研究中，探讨了基体的梯度分布对孔洞长大和聚合的影响；2）基于含孔洞的无限大体模型，探讨了孔洞形状和孔洞尺寸对其长大的耦合作用，结果表明：可能存在一个与材料特征长度相关的临界孔洞尺寸，当椭球孔洞的等效半径小于临界孔洞半径时，孔洞的长大受到明显抑制；3）通过引入基体/夹杂界面能的概念，分析了夹杂尺寸、夹杂形状对材料细观应力场的耦合影响，结果表明：颗粒内部和界面上的应力集中因子强烈地依赖于夹杂的尺寸和形状，因此，孔洞的形核机理是尺寸相关的；4）采用一种特殊的正交曲线坐标系和引入"核函数"的概念，"统一"地得到了含椭球和球形孔洞的材料的尺寸相关塑性势，它将传统的Gurson球形孔洞模型和GLD椭球孔洞模型推广到微尺度范围；5）基于含椭球和球形夹杂的体胞模型，初步研究了夹杂形状、夹杂尺寸对金属基复合材料尺寸相关力学行为的影响。

At each penton, a hole (φ=20〓) can be seen connecting the inside and the outside of the capsid, and there is a hole (φ=12〓) at each hexton and the center of 2-fold axis, so there are 132 holes in total at the surface of CSBV.

应用冷冻电镜技术和计算机三维结构重构的方法，我们测定了CSBV核衣壳的三维结构，分辩率为25 〓，病毒的核衣壳是按T=1（P=3）的对称结构排列二十面体，病毒表面比较光滑，有12个五邻体、60个六邻体的结构，每个五邻体的中央有孔洞，六邻体的中央也有孔洞，另外在2次轴的位置上也有孔洞，这样病毒共有132个孔洞，五邻体的孔洞的直径为20 〓，而六邻体和二次轴的孔洞的直径月为12 〓。

In order to clearly recognize the geophysical response of carbonate reservoir,based on preliminary recognition of Ordovician carbonate reservoir under the basal surface in Tahe oilfield,some regular vug models and random arranged vug models were designed and built. The variable-grid finite difference method was used to simulate the seismic wave propagation in these models. Then,the seismic records of the models were analyzed and the effect to seismic reflections caused by vug is studied. The impact rule of regular vug scale and random arranged vug density on seismic attributes was obtained.

为了研究碳酸盐岩储层的地球物理响应特征，在对塔河油田奥陶系风化面下碳酸盐岩储层初步认识的基础上，利用随机介质建模技术，设计并建立了一系列碳酸盐岩储层规则孔洞和随机孔洞模型，并应用变网格有限差分法对地震波在孔洞模型中的传播进行了正演计算，对模拟得到的地震属性进行了分析，研究了孔洞对地震反射特征的影响，获得了规则孔洞尺度以及随机排列孔洞密度对地震属性的影响规律。

In this study, we developed the ammonia sensing material by using MCM-41 impregnated with bromocresol green. MCM-41 is one kind of mesoporous molecular sieves. It can be applied to many fields due to well-defined pore shapes, narrow distribution of pore sizes, large pore volumes, high surface area, excellent thermal, hydrothermal, chemical and mechanical stability. And the bromocresol green dye is commonly used as a pH indicator with colorimetric from pH 3.8 to pH 5.4.

本研究之目的是结合变色染剂及中孔洞分子筛MCM-41进行氨气吸附，研究中所选择之变色染剂溴甲酚绿是一种偏酸性之大分子有机染剂，其变色范围在pH 3.8到pH 5.4；而MCM-41由於其孔洞大小分布范围狭窄、孔洞体积大、高比表面积、具有良好的吸附容积、表面反应性强及易於改质等优点，故期望利用此复合材料，经气体吸附达到氨的移除并同时在吸附饱和前能产生显色效果。

The results show that the cavities formed during the magmas intruding upwards and cooling prepared spaces for laumontite crystallization.

结果表明：岩浆上侵冷却过程中形成的孔洞为浊沸石的形成提供空间条件，在孔洞周围发育的微裂隙，有利于CO2等气体散失的同时，也为岩体中长石提供Ca(上标 2+)、Al(上标 3+)离子进入孔洞中提供通道。

On the condition of rimming steel wire center hole , the paper investigates the process control of 40 heats with center hole , and analyzes its cause.

针对高速线材沸腾钢盘条产生中心孔洞缺陷的情况，对40炉有中心孔洞缺陷的炉号进行了工艺控制情况的调查，分析了产生中心孔洞缺陷的原因。

By examining the displacement history of atoms around the void surface, we find that the radial velocities of the vertices along and perpendicular to the shock direction almost keep constant during the tensile process.

分析孔洞表面原子的位移历史，发现沿加载及与其垂直方向的孔洞顶点沿径向的速度基本恒定，由此提出了一个孔洞生长模型，可以解释孔洞增长的线性生长规律。

The stress distribution is close to the shape of the cavity when the wavenumber of the temperature field is small;the stress distribution tends to uniformdistribution when the wave number is accelerating.

当温度场的波数较小时，孔洞表面的应力分布趋于孔洞的形状；当温度场的波数增大，孔洞表面的应力分布趋于各向均匀

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。