子模式

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

The potential of moss as a model system to study plant biological process is associated with their relatively simple developmental pattern and the dominance of the haploid gametophyte in the life cycle.

苔藓植物具有相对简单的发育模式，单倍体的配子体在其生活史中占主导地位，作为研究植物生物学过程的模式系统具有诸多的优越性。

It is concluded that Holonic Manufacturing Systems adopt a slacked dynamic hierarchy and that Holonic Manufacturing Systems are still in a phase of research and far from wide application in industries.

整子制造系统采用了一种松弛的动态递阶控制结构。目前整子制造系统仍然处于对&下一代制造模式&的研究阶段，离实际应用还有一定的距离。

Different from the sole-population evolution, the multi-population evolution partitioned the initial population into umpty sub-populations. Each sub-population evolved independently according to certain schema. In proper situation, the sub-populations would exchange information among themselves, to maintain the population diversity.

与单一种群进化不同的是，多种群进化将初始种群划分为若干子种群，各个子种群按照一定的模式独立进化，适当的时候在子种群之间交换信息，从而维持种群的多样性。

Based on the characateristic of the peripheral of the basin ,by using paleocurrent direction, clastic particles style and characteristic, heavy mineral combination, quartz cathode luminescence and rare earth element allocation model, we researched the source condition of basin.

根据盆地周缘古陆特征，运用砂岩碎屑颗粒类型、石英阴极发光、重矿物组合、稀土元素的分配模式、砂体展布特征等方法对堡子湾地区长6物缘进行了综合研究，认为：堡子湾地区长6期的物源主要来源于盆地西北缘的阿拉善古陆，东北缘的阴山古陆对其有一定的影响。

By the study of elicitors' action mode on Taxol biosynthesis, their action point in Taxol biosynthesis pathway an...

本文通过对诱导子促进紫杉醇合成的作用模式研究，推导诱导子在紫杉醇合成途径上的作用部位，确定其配伍特性。

And Finally according to theprogramed algorithms, simulation and experimental stitchings are porformed for testing thealgorithm accuracy. Results show that, the comprehensive errors of theretical andexperimental wavefront stitchings are less than 10~(-6)λand than PV/10 (where PV refering towavefront peak-to-vally value), respectively. Furthermore, experimental research isconducted on the influence of stitching accuracy by sub-aperture overlapping area andstitching modes, with subaperature real-time stitching test for large plano-optic broughtabout.

第三，对编写的算法程序进行了模拟拼接实验和实际拼接实验，测得该算法程序的精度为：理论拼接波面的综合误差小于10~(-6)λ，实际拼接波面的综合误差小于PV／10(PV为被测波面相位峰谷值)；在此基础上，又就子孔径重叠区域大小和拼接模式对拼接精度的影响进行了实验和分析，实现了大口径光学平面的子孔径实时拼接检测。

In this study, we have cloned and identified two full-length cDNAs of OsBIMK2 and OsBISERK1, which encoding MAPK and SERK, respectively, and associated with benzothiadiazole induced resistance.

本文克隆和鉴定了水稻中与苯并噻二唑(benzothiadiazole，BTH)诱导抗病性相关的编码MAPK的OsBIMK2基因和编码SERK的OsBISERK1基因全长cDNA；研究了OsBIMK2基因和OsBISERK1基因在水稻—稻瘟病菌亲和与非亲和互作过程中的表达模式；原核表达了OsBIMK2基因，获得重组OsBIMK2蛋白，并研究了重组OsBIMK2蛋白的生化特性；克隆了OsBIMK2基因的启动子序列，并运用农杆菌介导的瞬间表达系统分析鉴定了启动子中参与基因表达调控的可能顺式元件；将水稻OsBIMK2基因导入烟草，获得过量表达OsBIMK2基因的转基因植株，这些转基因植株中防卫反应基因PR-1组成型表达，并提高了抗病性。

In addition, we compared the codon preferences among poplar, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sative, Homo sapi- ens and Escherichia coli, and poplar was found to be most similar to A.thaliana and least similar to E.coli.

将杨树的密码子使用频率与拟南芥、水稻、大肠杆菌和人等不同模式生物种比较后发现，杨树密码子的偏爱性与同为双子叶植物的拟南芥最为相似，与人和大肠杆菌之间的差异较大。

The results showed that the promoters of OsPLD3 and OsPLD4 could drive the expression of the reporter gene in various tissues of the rice flower organs at different levels. The expression of both genes was induced by wounding and methyl jasmonate, but with different intensity at different time intervals.

利用反向遗传学技术对水稻磷脂酶D 家族中的两个成员OsPLD3 和OsPLD4 基因及其启动子的研究显示： OsPLD3 和OsPLD4 的启动子在花器官的不同部位中驱动报告基因不同程度地表达，二者都受损伤和茉莉酸甲酯诱导，但是对诱导因子反应的时空模式不同。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。