子模

At last,we give the definition of FGT rings which is the extension of cogenerator rings.

在第二章中，我们由FGT -内射模的启发引入了CT -内射模的概念，在这一章我们知道ann -自内射环其实就是CT -内射环，只是ann -自内射环是从零化子的角度来讨论，而CT -内射是从循环无挠模的角度来进行讨论的，同时也给出了一些等价条件。

The first 10 chapters study cohomolgy of open set in Euclidean space,treat smooth manifolds and their cohomology and end with integration on manifolds.

全书分四章：范畴与函子及其在模论中的应用；特殊模与相应的维数；环模复形的同调理论；谱序列。

A ∞-semimodule over a ∞-semiring is introduced in this paper, based on which, the absorb subsemimodule and the congruence relation on a ∞-semimodule are proposed.

引入∞-半环上的∞-半模的概念，在此基础上引入吸收子半模以及∞-半模上的同余关系等概念，得到一些初步性质。

Moreover, we define weak principally quasi-injective modules and study Jacobson radical of endomorphism ring of weak principally quasi-injective modules.

另外我们还在主拟内射R-模的基础上定义了弱主拟内射R-模，利用零化子对弱主拟内射模上自同态环的Jacobson根的性质进行了讨论。

Not every subgroup of a D-group is also a D-group. If a subgroup is a D-group we call the subgroup "sub- D -group." The "commutator ideal" of G is the smallest sub-D-group containing its commutator subgroup. We found that the commutator ideal can be viewed as a finitely generated module over a ring when G is a finitely generated metabelian D-group.

并非每个子群都是一个可除群，若一个子群是可除群，我们称之为子可除群(sub-D-group)，而G 的交换子理想则是在G中包含其导出群的最小子可除群，我们发现当G是一个有限生成亚交换可除群时，其交换子理想是一个有限生成模。

It is proved that every Lie derivation of nest algebra is the sum of an associative derivation and a general trace. Every Lie isomorphism between nest subalgebras of a factor von Neumann algebra is the sum of an isomorphism and a general trace or the sum of a negative anti-isomorphism and a general trace. Lie invariant subspace of linear mappings on Banach algebras is introduced, and linear maps from nest subalgebra of a factor von Neumann algebra into itself which satisfy the property that the space of derivations is their Lie invariant subspaces are characterized. Simultaneously, it is shown that such maps are Lie derivations modulo the set of scalar multiple of the identity.

得到Lie导子的特征表示，即套代数上的任何一个Lie导子都是内导子与广义迹之和；给出了Lie同构和同构及反同构之间的关系，即因子von Neumann代数中套子代数之间的任何一个Lie同构要么是同构与广义迹之和要么是负反同构与广义迹之和；引入了Banach代数上线性映射的Lie不变子空间，并给出von Neumann代数中套子代数上以导子空间为Lie不变子空间的线性映射的一个刻画，同时也表明在模去数乘恒等映射的意义下，以导子空间为Lie不变子空间的线性映射就是Lie导子。

Recently , the classical Riesz representation theorem on Hilbert spaces has been generalized onto complete random inner product modules ,in this paper the classical Friedrichs theorem on Hilbert spaces is generalized onto complete random inner product modules.

最近，经典的Riesz 表示定理已经被推广到完备随机内积模上，在此基础上本文将Hilbert 空间上经典的Friedrichs 定理推广到完备随机内积模上。首先，证明完备随机内积模上任一正Her2 mite 型惟一地对应一个正自共轭算子。

The ADC is pipelined, including a single-input/difference-output sample/hold circuit and nine stage subcircuits. The preceding eight stages are 1.5bits/stage, and the last stage consists of two comparators. Every input sample is converted into 18 bits binary signals, and these binary signals are converted into 10 bits binary signals through digital correction circuit.

模数转换电路采用流水线式的结构，包括具有单端输入/差动输出功能的采样保持电路和九级的子电路，前八级子电路使用1.5位/级的结构，最后一级使用两个比较器实现，每个输入值被转换为18位的二进制代码，通过数字纠正技术最终实现10位的输出，按照前端电路的应用要求，这个模数转换器实现1.33MHz的采样速率。

In addition, laser Raman scattering and low temperature photoluminescence measurements are carried out, the GaSb-like LO mode, AlSb-like LO mode and the coupled mode between LO phonon and plasmon are observed. According to the dependence of the GaSb-like LO mode frequency on Al composition, an empirical formula was obtained for determining the Al composition.

用激光喇曼散射和低温光致发光研究了材料的光学性质，观察到了类GaSb的LO模和类AlSb的LO模以及LO声子与等离子体激元的耦合模L，并根据类GaSb的LO模随Al组分x的变化规律，得到一个计算Al组分的近似公式。

For non-diagonal processes there is "Coherent enhancement" therefore the one-phonon processes are more important than the two-phonon processes; At the same time, we presented a new theoretical framework of phonon-assisted energy transfer, in which the running lattice wave theory is introduced instead of the Debye theory for phonons,therefore emphasizes the important effects of optical phonons and coherence effects of anisotropic lattice waves etc.

非对角过程中的干涉是相加的，因而首先应考虑单声子而非双声子过程；接着，用计及原子尺度上晶体结构的&格波模声子&取代各向同性连续介质模型中&德拜声子&来描述所涉声子，提出了新的声子协助的能量传递理论，指出了德拜模型中没有的&光学声子的重要性&和&各向异性的格波干渋&等新视点。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。