子实体

Sclerotia are conditioned to germinate by the overwintering process. In the growing season, overwintered sclerotia can germinate in one of two methods. Probably the most common is carpogenic germination which results in the production of a small mushroom called an apothecium. rpogenic germination usually requires the sclerotia to be in wet soil for one to two weeks prior to germination.

在生长季节，越冬过的菌核能以两种中的其中一种方式萌发，最为常见的很可能是子实体萌发，其结果导致了形如小蘑菇的子蘘盘的产生，子实体萌发通常需要菌核在萌发前一两周处于潮湿的土壤中。

The exogenous β-glucosidase was added to the fruiting bodies and fermentation products of Boletus edulis to improve volatile flavor components. The results showed that after the materials were hydrolyzed by β-glucosidase, 48 and 25 volatile components were identified from the fruiting bodies and fermentation products, respectively. Meanwhile, 17(16.63%) and 19(3.78%) components were identified as new compounds, respectively. The contents of other components also improved to some extent.

在美味牛肝菌子实体及其深层发酵产物中添加外源β-葡萄糖苷用于增香，从β-葡萄糖苷酶作用后的子实体和发酵液中分别分离出48种和25种组分，其中新生成的化合物各有17种(16.63%)和19种(3.78%)种，其余组分的含量有些在原有基础土有所增加。

This procedure was repeatedly done on the same plots three times in every fructification season, and resulted to all positive effect for RNAs supplement.

试验最后结果表明在形成子实体的两周时间内关联物使松茸子实体的产量和数量显著增加。

The half-life day of HCH, DDT and chlorpyrifos was 27～32, 27～33 and 22～24 respectively and the residue were detected in the substrates and fruitbodies when fungi were inoculated to the substrated, There were no cypermethrin detected in the fruitbodies, and it's half-life day in the substrate was 19～20. Carbendazim used for control germina was also detected in the substrates and fruitbodies with a half-life from 19 days to 20 days. Because of it's short half-life (2 days to 4 days), the degradation of Chlorothalonil in substrates and fruitbodie were quickly and no chlorothanonil were detected both in the substrates and fruitbodies when harves.

在接菌情况下，HCH、DDT和毒死蜱等杀虫剂在食用菌子实体和培养料中都有残留，培养料中的降解半衰期分别为27～32天、27～33天和22～24天；氯氰菊酯在培养料中的降解半衰期为19～20天，但在子实体中没有残留；多菌灵是防治食用菌病害的常用杀菌剂，在培养料和子实体中也都有残留，并且培养料中的降解半衰期为19～20天；百菌清极易降解，在培养料和子实体都没有残留，在培养料中的降解半衰期仅为2～4天。

The polysaccharides in both rhizomorph and fruit body consisted of glucose and xylose, and the molar ratio was 1∶14 in rhizomorph and 1∶10 in fruit body respectively; the polysaccharide contents were 1.12% in rhizomorph and 2.27% in fruit body.

结果 ：蜜环菌菌丝体和发酵液多糖为单一葡萄糖组成的葡聚糖；菌索和子实体多糖由葡萄糖、木糖组成，这两种单糖在菌索多糖中的摩尔比为 1∶14，在子实体多糖中的摩尔比为 1∶10。

The result showed that calcium significantly stimulated the growth of Flammulina velutipes mycelia and fruit body, reduced the time of sporocarp appearance, and increased the output and the content of calcium.

结果表明，钙能显著刺激金针菇菌丝体和子实体的生长，缩短出菇时间，提高产量和子实体含钙量。

Then mycelia area in bottles, colour transformation and rimordium formation time were observed, sporophore embryo time and density were recorded, sporophore height and weight were measured.

方法在菌种接种前分别加入两种生长剂(生长剂-Ⅰ和生长剂-Ⅱ)，观察菌丝铺瓶面积，转色颜色，菌蕾形成，子实体出芽时间和密度，测量子实体高度和鲜草重量。

Among them, there were 7 necessary amino acid and total content reached to4.746%, occupying 38.86% of all amino acid. The tryptophan, tyrosine and cystine were notmeasured. The content of isoleucine and histidine were relative high as to the fluting-body ofSuillus aeruginascens,Lactarius deliciosus, Cortinarius caerulescens, Cantharellus cibarius, andthe mineral elements content of C.

对紫红丝膜菌子实体的营养成分做了系统分析，结果显示紫红丝膜菌子实体含糖量较高，总糖含量高达47.76％、多糖4.5％、粗蛋白9.76％、粗脂肪5.4％，水分11.2％；紫红丝膜菌子实体含有15种氨基酸，总量为12.214％，其中含有人体必需氨基酸7种，含量为4.746％，占总氨基酸含量的38.86％，色氨酸、酪氨酸和胱氨酸在丝膜菌子实体中未检测到。

The results indicated that sclerotia was an important sign and a necessary stage in the formation of the fruit body;light,temperature and humidity were the key factors;"Beiqi"residue can stimulate the forming of the sclerotia and the fruit body;the most suitable culture areas for Morchella were poplar forest land and apple orchard;and woodash and poplar-root soil can promote the forming of the fruit body.

结果表明，菌核是羊肚菌子实体产生的重要标志和重要阶段；光照、温度和湿度是子实体形成的关键因子；北芪渣对菌核和子实体的形成有刺激作用；人工栽培适宜在杨树林地和苹果园进行；草木灰和杨树根土可促进羊肚菌子实体的产生。

Additionally, the growth of the pathogen was obviously affected by cultural media. The morphological characters such as colony color and diameter, and production of fruit body of the fungus growing on PDA, 10% V8, apple leaves dextrose agar and apple leaves extraction dextrose agar media were different. The fungus formed colonies of about 8mm in diameter and did not produce fruit bodies and aerial hyphae in 1 month incubation on PDA. However it formed the similar size colonies as on PDA and produced fruit bodies and aerial hyphae on 10% V8 and LDA media in the same incubation period. Very small colonies (2mm in diameter) and fruit bodies were found on LEDA media in the same incubation condition. These results indicated that successful isolation of M. coronaria from apple leaves depended on suitable isolation method and cultural media as well as fresh samples.

不同培养基上菌落形态、大小和产孢情况差异也很大，培养1个月（25℃）后PDA上菌落黑褐色隆起，表面蚯蚓粪状，无气生菌丝，无子实体和基内菌丝；10% V8培养基上菌落中央隆起，黑褐色，表面生少量气生菌丝，边缘放射状，基内菌丝深褐色，有子实体；苹果叶片葡萄糖琼脂培养基上菌落平坦，黄褐色，表面生茂密的金黄色气生菌丝，基内菌丝深褐色，有子实体；苹果叶片煎汁葡萄糖琼脂培养基上菌落有明显的不规则隆起，黄褐色至黑褐色，表面生少许气生菌丝，菌落生长缓慢，无基内菌丝，分生孢子盘菌落表面生，菌落直径仅2mm左右，而在其他培养基上的菌落直径可达6－8mm，说明培养基质、分离方法均对苹果盘二孢的分离培养和生长发育有明显的影响。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。