子孢子

Following 72 h co-culture, desquamate, sporozoites, trophozoites, meronts, microgametocytes, macrogametocytes, zygote, thin-wall oocyst, and thick-wall oocyst appeared orderly. Between the 60th and 72th hour, many oocysts emerged. Inoculated by the C. parvum -infected cell culture supernatant at the 48th hour, the immunosuppressed mice became infected.

在感染后72 h内，隐孢子虫出现连续发育阶段，包括脱囊、子孢子、裂殖子、裂殖体、滋养体、配子体、合子、薄壁卵囊和厚壁卵囊，在60～72 h内形成卵囊；用感染48 h的细胞培养上清接种于免疫抑制小鼠， 10 d后有隐孢子虫卵囊排出。

The author first reported the social phenomenon and synchronizing development incryptosporidia,the dynamic process of the sporozoites or merozoites aparted from theirparent substances and developed into trophozoites,the culture of C.baileyi in chickenembryo,and the excysting process without both the trypsin and the sodium taurocholatein 37℃ water.The high levels of excystation(60%)oceured at 37℃ water showedthat temprature was very important in cryptosporidia excysting process.

在国内首次观察和描述了薄壁型隐孢子虫卵囊；首次报道隐孢子虫具有群体寄生现象和同步发育特征；首次描述了隐孢子虫的裂殖子或子孢子离开母体和发育为滋养体的动态变化过程；首次应用粪便中纯化的C.baileyi卵囊感染鸡胚成功，并用37℃水脱囊，其脱囊率高达60％，表明温度对隐孢子虫的脱囊具有重要作用，无需胰酶和牛胆酸钠的参与。

The sporulated oocyst holds 2 sporocysts and each sporocyst contains 2 sporozoites,i.e.each oocyst contains a total of 4 sporozoites.

新排出的未孢子化卵囊培养后可观察到孢子化的卵囊，内含2个孢子囊，每个孢子囊内含有2个折光性较强的子孢子。

Nevertheless, the mosquitoes provide a physiological milieu, for sporogony of the malaria parasites.

已知蚊虫天然免疫系统在疟原虫穿壁、卵囊发育和子孢子移行进腺等过程中产生包括局部和全身性多位点的免疫反应，同时蚊虫为疟原虫孢子生殖阶段提供必不可少的生理环境。

Trophozoite,macrogamout,microgamout, typeⅠmeront,typeⅡmeront and sporozoite in the development of C.andersoni were observed by TEM.The proliferation of C.andersoni was significantly inhibited by 1.25μg/ml NTZ and 0.31μg/ml GAs.Treated with 20μg/ml NTZ and 5μg/ml GAs respectively,the numbers of C.andersoni were only 0.29%and 0.66%compared with the untreated.

透射电镜在HCT-8细胞中观察到安氏隐孢子虫的滋养体、雌配子体、雄配子体、Ⅰ型裂殖体、Ⅱ型裂殖体和子孢子阶段。1.25μg/ml NTZ和0.31μg/ml GAs即可显著抑制HCT-8细胞中安氏隐孢子虫的增殖。20μg/ml NTZ和5μg/ml GAs作用后，虫体数量仅分别为未加药的0.29%和0.66%。

Sinensis and An. maculatus respectively (including CSP positive by ELISA and sporozoite positive in the salivary glands), and their entomological inoculation rate was estimated to be 9.82, 3.97 and 2.69 respectively.

微小按蚊、中华按蚊、多斑按蚊子孢子阳性率(包括ELISA环子孢子蛋白阳性和镜检唾腺子孢子感染蚊)分别是0.37％、0.22％、0.32％，昆虫接种率分别估算为9.82、3.97、2.69。

Maculatus respectively(including CSP positive by ELISA and sporozoite positive in the salivary glands),and their entomological inoculation rate was estimated to be 9.82,3.97 and 2.69 respectively.

微小按蚊、中华按蚊、多斑按蚊子孢子阳性率(包括ELISA环子孢子蛋白阳性和镜检唾腺子孢子感染蚊)分别是0.37%、0.22%、0.32%，昆虫接种率分别估算为9.82、3.97、2.69。

The serology type and ultrastructure of the spore were different from that of Nosema bombycis.

孢子大小为(3.03±0.17)μm×(1.90±0.07)μm；孢子的血清学类型、超微结构与传统的家蚕微粒子孢子Nosema bombycis，简称N。

Vitelline antibody has significant dissolving and weakening effect on sparozoite, but it has no effect on the speed of sporation of E. tenella, and pathogenicity of sporulated oocysts.

tenella的子孢子具有明显的溶解和致弱作用，但对卵囊的孢子化速率和孢子化球虫卵囊的致病性没有明显影响。

Understand-ing the mechanism of protective immunity induced by irradiation-attenuated sporozoites will be helpful for the design of the efficient pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine.

受疟原虫子孢子来源的限制和放射减毒程度控制的困难，放射减毒子孢子在实际应用中受到明显的限制，但是可作为研究红前期保护性免疫机制和红前期亚单位疫苗设计的重要模型。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。