子图

And then all directed cutsets from the set of those directed segs were selected by analyzing connectivity of another subgraph.

算法首先利用边收缩图的概念，递归生成有向装配连接图的具有一个连通子图的一部分有向断集，接着通过判断另一个子图是否连通，从这些有向断集的集合中筛选出全部的有向割集。

And then all directed cutsets from the set of those directed segs were selected by analyzing connectivity of another subgraph. Theoretical analysis and experimental analysis of the algorithm showed that the improved algorithm was feasible and efficient.

算法首先利用边收缩图的概念，递归生成有向装配连接图的具有一个连通子图的一部分有向断集，接着通过判断另一个子图是否连通，从这些有向断集的集合中筛选出全部的有向割集。

First scanning the known handwriting materials then number them ,In pretreatment, we convert the valid part of the image into a standard size, as images carries out duotone and go throw off chirp handling in order to achieve better effect.draw features from the known handwriting materials with the Co-occurence,especially,we divided a copy of handwriting into 25 little pieces with the size of 128*128 ,drawing features from every little piecese with four directions(0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees as well as 135 degrees) and calculate the four major feature values( veins and the statistical quantity of veins contrast and the statistical quantity of veins consistency Shang the statistical quantity of statistical quantity as well as the veins correlation of gray scale ), preservation all the feature value that drawn from all known ma terials to the handwriting characteristic database,then input the unknown handwriting materials, also using the method of the Co-occurence to draw those features, recycling the minimum European Distance law match the unknown writing material feature value with the handwriting characteristic feature database, export the label of the known hand writing materials which is most similar to the unknown material with minimum European Distance, and then we can confirm who is the author of the unknown material.

首先将笔迹材料作为图象扫描输入，并对其进行编号。预处理部分可将笔迹图象的有效部分规范化到一个统一尺寸，接着对其进行二值化和去除噪声的处理，以便于更好的提取图像的特征。在此我们采用了灰度共生矩阵法提取手写笔迹材料的纹理特征，与以往有所不同的是，我们将一份手写材料分割成64块大小为80*80象素的子图象，每个小块都从四个方向（0度、45度、90度以及135度）来更全面的提取特征，并计算出四个最主要的特征值（纹理一致性的统计量、纹理反差的统计量、纹理熵的统计量以及纹理灰度相关性的统计量），将从所有已知材料提取的特征值保存到纹理特征库中，对于待检手写材料，同样采用灰度共生矩阵的方法提取其纹理特征，再利用最小欧氏距离分类法将从待检手写材料中提取的特征值与纹理特征库中的特征值进行比对，与欧氏距离比对值最小的相匹配，输出匹配成功的原材料的标号，进而识别出待检材料书写者的身份。

In this paper a new necessary and sufficient condition of graphic isomorphism is proved which is stated as following: two graphs are isomorphic if and only if their subgraphs are isomorphic and the new vertices as well as their adjancy edges are corresponding with the property of isomorphism.

提出了一个新的判定图同构的充分必要条件，即在子图同构的前提下，根据新增顶点及相应关联边的关系，判断母图同构的充分必要条件。

In 1987, the well-know mathematician Yousef Alavi and other famous mathematicians defined a new decomposition of graph-Ascending Subgraph Decomposition which is on the condition of proper subgraph isomorphic, and in the same paper they proposed the following ASD conjecture: every graph of positive size has an ASD.

升分解(ascending subgraph decomposition，简记为ASD)是1987年闻名世界的数学家Alavi与其他几位著名数学家给出的一种在真子图同构意义下的图的新分解，并且在同一论文中他们还提出了一个升分解猜想：任意有正数条边的图都可升分解。

We call such a spanning subgraph T an economical spanning subgraph.

我们称这样的生成子图T为廉价的生成子图。

A graph G is claw-free [27] , if it does not contain K〓 as an induced subgraph.

如果图G不含K〓为导出子图，则称G是无爪图[27]。

Digraph was used to express the static topological structure of product, restraints as well as dynamic transition relationship of information. The digraph was decomposed into several sub-graphs to express the multilevel structure of the product.

产品的静态拓扑结构、约束关系和动态信息传递关系用有向图来表达，并将有向图分解为子图的形式来表示产品的多层结构关系。

If G is a {2K_1+K_2, C_4}-free graph, we show thatifα＞3 then G is a split graph, and ifα=3 then for any independentset S of cardinality 3, G-S is a chordal graph or G-S?

如果图G不含与4-圈和2K_1+K_2同构的导出子图，我们证明了如果α＞3，那么G是一个split图；如果α=3，那么对于G的任一个有三个元素的独立集S，G-S是一个弦图或者G-S？

It can be decomposed into several disjoined subgraphs, which are also the necessary and sufficient conditions to determine R〓.

i给出了任意DAG G中可反向边构成的子图R〓的整体结构特点，它可以分解成若干满足某些条件的最大连通子图的并，这一特点也是判断R〓的充要条件。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。