子囊菌

Furtherly, crosses were made among fertile isolates from rice plants in Jiangsu. Only 6 of 25 crosses produced perithecia and asci, but no ascospore produced. This suggest that the frequency of sexual stage occurrence of Magnaporthe grisea was very low in the rice field in Jiangsu.

用江苏省稻瘟病菌的可育菌株进行互交，25个组合中只有6个组合能产生子囊壳和子囊，但均不产生子囊孢子，提示江苏省稻瘟病菌在田间产生健康有性后代的几率不大。

The temperature for pathogen sporangium to germinate and to release moving spore is 5～35oC,the optimum temperature is 10～20oC.Under suitable temperature, the sporangium germinate and release moving spore within 2 hours, water film is the essential for sporangi...

霜霉病菌孢子囊萌发释放游动孢子的温度范围为5～35℃，最适为10～20℃，在适宜的温度范围内2小时孢子囊就可释放游动孢子；孢子囊必须在水膜中才能萌发；在供试的碳源中，孢子囊在乳糖液中萌发最好；在供试的氮源中，孢子囊在硝酸铵液中萌发最好；孢子囊萌发的pH值范围为4.5～9.0，最适为8.5。

In order to study on the fast,simple and efficacious method of forecast the sclerotinia stem rot.

为了探索预测油菜菌核病发生情况的快速、简单、有效的方法；此研究采用检测被核盘菌子囊孢子感染的油菜花瓣数量来预测预报菌核病可能发生严重度程度，实验采用添加了两种不同pH指示剂的改良型Steadman's培养基在室温下培养在油菜花期(3月下旬～4月中旬)每天采自2块试验田的新鲜花瓣，如果花瓣被病原菌子囊孢子感染，接种培养后培养基颜色发生改变，统计被感染的花瓣数；结果表明：除1天在一块田没有检测到被子囊孢子感染的花瓣外，油菜整个花期都有被感染的花瓣出现，但初花期被感染的花瓣较少，而盛花期和终花期被感染的花瓣较多，第一块田被感染的花瓣数在两种培养基上出现的百分率分别为32.0%和40.2%，第二块田分别为27.3%和35.7%。

Six strains of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae were isolated from disease tobaccos in Yongzhou and Ningxiang from heavy disease plots;. Pathogenicity was tested to six strains, the results shows the strain of phy3 have strong pathogenicity. We also studied the effect of several solutions for producing zoosporangium in Artificial culture condition, the result shows the hyphea culture with 0.1% KNO3 produced the most quantity of zoosporangiums.

2001～2003年，从湖南永州和宁乡等地发病重的田块采集病株共分离到烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae)菌株6株，经离体叶片致病力筛选，烟草黑胫病菌株phy3为强致病力菌株，病情指数达到89％；并在实验室条件下，研究了几种溶液诱导孢子囊的产生效果，结果证明经0.1％KNO，处理产生孢子囊最多。

In order to predict, prevent and control downy mildew, epidemic dynamics and outbreak causes of wine grape downy mildew were researched, by catching sporangia of Plasmopara viticola, evaluating disease and collecting meteorological data daily through whole growing season of wine grape.

通过对生长季酿酒葡萄园空气中霜霉病菌孢子囊进行逐日逐小时捕捉，并对病情进行调查，记载气象资料，对霜霉病菌孢子囊飞散动态及病害爆发成因进行了详细研究，以期对病害爆发进行预测，用于指导该病的防治。

In this study, we isolate, purify and characterize the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-degrading enzymes by Xylaria regalis.

在本论文中，我们探讨子囊菌Xylaria regalis所分泌多环芳香族碳氢化合物分解酵素。

18 Days after perithecia appearance was the best time to isolate ascospores, although there were differences between crosses. The highest survival percentage of ascospores could reach up to 85. 5％ during this period.

观察发现，虽然不同杂交组合间有一定差异，分离稻瘟病菌子囊孢子的适宜时期，一般在子囊壳开始出现后7~18天之间；在此期间分离出的子囊孢子成活率最高可达85.5％。

At first, optimization for the perfect stage production of M. grisea was investigated in vitro. The number of perithecia and ascospores, the percentage of viable ascospores were markedly increased when juice of mature tomato was used, pH was adjusted around 5. 5 and 0.1％CaCO〓 was added in oatmeal tomato agar medium.

本研究首先选用自然成熟的番茄榨汁和燕麦片作为培养基的主要组分，通过调节培养基pH值在5.5左右并添加0.1％CaCO〓途径优化了稻瘟病菌有性世代形成的条件，显著增加了稻瘟病菌子囊壳形成的数量和子囊孢子的成活率。

When they were cultured with KA3(MAT1-1), KA9(MAT1-2) or Z46(MAT1-2),the numbers of strains which can form perithecia are 22,6 and 4, respectively.

研究结果表明：35个双交配型菌株自交都没有形成子囊壳，分别与KA3(MAT1-1)、KA9(MAT1-2)和Z46(MAT1-2)杂交形成子囊壳的菌株数为22，6和4。

Two isolates ( BO1218 BO1199)can form perithecia when they were cultured with KA3(MAT1-1) and Z46(MAT1-2).Three isolates ( BO1218 BO1199 and BO1535) can form perithecia when they were cultured with KA3(MAT1-1) and KA9(MAT1-2).These five isolates have MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 which are functional.

其中2个菌株(BO1218、BO1199)与KA3和Z46杂交都形成子囊壳，3个菌株(BO1643、BO1563和BO1535)与KA3和KA9杂交都形成子囊壳，表明这5个菌株中存在MAT1-1和MAT1-2，并且具有完整的功能。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。