子囊壳

Furtherly, crosses were made among fertile isolates from rice plants in Jiangsu. Only 6 of 25 crosses produced perithecia and asci, but no ascospore produced. This suggest that the frequency of sexual stage occurrence of Magnaporthe grisea was very low in the rice field in Jiangsu.

用江苏省稻瘟病菌的可育菌株进行互交，25个组合中只有6个组合能产生子囊壳和子囊，但均不产生子囊孢子，提示江苏省稻瘟病菌在田间产生健康有性后代的几率不大。

Circle of ascus carapace egg comes elliptic, close surface is unripe, base ministry a bit sink child inside, ascus spore white is long and thin, a lot of horizontal strokes are lain between, paragraphs small are cracked ceaselessly when maturity.

子囊壳卵圆形至椭圆形，近表面生，基部稍陷于子座内，子囊孢子白色细长，有很多横隔，成熟时不断裂成小段。

The hymenium may be directly exposed to the air, as in the gills of the mushroom or may open into a flask-shaped cavity, as in the perithecia of certain ascomycetes.

子实层可能直接暴露于空气，像蘑菇的菌褶，也可能似瓶状开口，如某些子囊菌的子囊壳。

Ascospores are small, hyaline, and hat-shaped, 4.5-8 microns long by 2.5-5.5 microns wide, andthey accumulate in a sticky matrix at the end of the perithecium neck where they appear as a cream to pink ball or coil.

子囊孢子小，无色，帽形， 4.5-8微米长，2.5-5.5微米宽，他们累积在子囊壳颈口粘性基质中，在那里他们看上去象奶油色到粉红色的球或卷圈。

And R8, stromata produced by the plant R3 and R8 in field;+= viable ascospores produced;= perithecia barren;—= no

上产生的子座；+=生成可育的子囊孢子；=生成子囊壳但败育；—=没有反应；空白=未做。

18 Days after perithecia appearance was the best time to isolate ascospores, although there were differences between crosses. The highest survival percentage of ascospores could reach up to 85. 5％ during this period.

观察发现，虽然不同杂交组合间有一定差异，分离稻瘟病菌子囊孢子的适宜时期，一般在子囊壳开始出现后7~18天之间；在此期间分离出的子囊孢子成活率最高可达85.5％。

At first, optimization for the perfect stage production of M. grisea was investigated in vitro. The number of perithecia and ascospores, the percentage of viable ascospores were markedly increased when juice of mature tomato was used, pH was adjusted around 5. 5 and 0.1％CaCO〓 was added in oatmeal tomato agar medium.

本研究首先选用自然成熟的番茄榨汁和燕麦片作为培养基的主要组分，通过调节培养基pH值在5.5左右并添加0.1％CaCO〓途径优化了稻瘟病菌有性世代形成的条件，显著增加了稻瘟病菌子囊壳形成的数量和子囊孢子的成活率。

When they were cultured with KA3(MAT1-1), KA9(MAT1-2) or Z46(MAT1-2),the numbers of strains which can form perithecia are 22,6 and 4, respectively.

研究结果表明：35个双交配型菌株自交都没有形成子囊壳，分别与KA3(MAT1-1)、KA9(MAT1-2)和Z46(MAT1-2)杂交形成子囊壳的菌株数为22，6和4。

Two isolates ( BO1218 BO1199)can form perithecia when they were cultured with KA3(MAT1-1) and Z46(MAT1-2).Three isolates ( BO1218 BO1199 and BO1535) can form perithecia when they were cultured with KA3(MAT1-1) and KA9(MAT1-2).These five isolates have MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 which are functional.

其中2个菌株(BO1218、BO1199)与KA3和Z46杂交都形成子囊壳，3个菌株(BO1643、BO1563和BO1535)与KA3和KA9杂交都形成子囊壳，表明这5个菌株中存在MAT1-1和MAT1-2，并且具有完整的功能。

Further, crosses among fertile isolates from the above four provinces were made.One of fourteen crosses produced perithcia,but none ascospores were generated.

用不同交配型的可育菌株进行互交，14个组合中只有1个组合产生子囊壳，但没有形成成熟的子囊孢子。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。