子叶的

The results of biochemical analysis indicated that the content of GA 3 increased and the content of ABA decreased in cotyledons during the breaking of epicotyl dormancy, and the contents of endogenous growth regulators changed only slightly in the endosperm. We suggested that cotyledons be a key part controlling the epicotyl dormancy in peony seeds.

生化测定结果表明：在低温打破牡丹种子上胚轴休眠过程中，子叶中的萌发促进剂GA3 含量明显升高，抑制剂ABA 含量显著下降；而胚乳中的各种激素含量则变化不大，胚轴中的激素变化无明显规律，因此认为子叶是控制牡丹种子上胚轴休眠的关键部位。

DNA C-values might be one of important indices in the evaluation of angiospermous invasiveness. To test this viewpoint, we compared DNA 1C-values and basic genome sizes in 3,676 angiosperms. The results suggest that:(1) the two nuclear values vary greatly among different groups, e.g., significantly higher in herbs than in trees, in monocots than in dicots, in perennials than in non-perennials;(2) the two nuclear values both have significant effects on plant invasiveness, especially in herbs, dicots, monocots, perennials, non-perennials, diploids, polyploids, Compositae, and Poaceae, while not significant in trees and Fabaceae.

DNA C值与被子植物入侵性密切相关，为考察应用DNA C值评估被子植物入侵性的可靠性和局限性，我们统计分析了全世界范围内3676种被子植物的DNA 1C值（配子未发生DNA复制时的染色体DNA含量）及基因组大小（单个染色体组的DNA 含量），结果表明：1）DNA 1C值和基因组大小在被子植物不同类群中差异极大，例如在草本植物中显著高于木本植物，单子叶植物显著高于双子叶植物，多年生植物显著高于非多年生植物；2）两项指标都与被子植物入侵性显著负相关，尤其是在草本植物、双子叶植物、单子叶植物、多年生植物、非多年生植物、二倍体、多倍体、菊科和禾本科中，然而在木本植物、豆科植物中其与植物入侵性无显著关系。

At present, regeneration system of cotyledons, hypocotyls, and stems, protoplasts and cotyledons codes have been established among Cucurbitaceae. There are several methods of transformation, such as agrobacteria -medidated genetic, particle gun, pollen tube passage, DNA soaking, ovary embryonary sac injection. Transgenic is tending to antivirotic and delayed maturity. Selection marker used often is NPT II.

目前，在葫芦科植物中已建立了子叶、茎尖、胚轴、茎段、原生质体和子叶节等的再生体系；用于遗传转化的方法有农杆菌介导法、基因枪法、花粉管通道法、DNA浸泡法等；用于转化的目的基因多为抗病毒病基因和延迟成熟的基因；NPTII基因为最常用的筛选标记基因。

The normal and abnormal embryoid were distinguished by the rate of normal plantlets induced and the regeneration modes of the cottons varieties were compared to two ways, one with the highest rate of normal inducement was the normal way of regeneration plantlet from callus, embryogenetic callus, global embryoid, heart-shape embryoid, torpedo-shape embryoid, cotyledon embryoid to normal plantlet, etc, the other with the lowest rate of normal inducement was the abnormal way from callus, embryoid callus, global embryoid-like, heart-shape embryoid-like, fish torpedo-shape embryoid-like, cotyledon embryoid-like, abnormal plantlet to normal plantlet, etc.

转化后采用平行实验得到不同品种的不同培养体系的愈伤组织、胚性愈伤组织、胚状体、类胚状体、畸形苗和正常苗，以最终正常苗诱导率高的体系的材料作为正常苗的发生过程，以诱导率低的作为畸形苗的发生过程，即分为正常苗的发生过程，愈伤组织——球型胚状体——心型胚状体——鱼雷型胚状体阶段——子叶型胚状体——正常苗：畸形茁的发生过程，愈伤组织——类球型胚状体——类心型胚状体——类鱼雷型胚状体阶段——类子叶型胚状体——畸形苗。

Because homeotic gene mutation and floral organ variation is a direct relationship,therefore the mutant application is the current functional genomics study developmentdirection. We discovered one mutant ah from line 458, which was a line ofthe twin-seedling strain W2555.ln this study, we have investigated the morphogenesisprogress, genetic analysis of mutant traits and molecular tagging of related gene.

目前，由于在水稻中发现的花器官突变体很少，所以对水稻花发育的研究主要是利用双子叶植物MAS-box基因的保守序列设计引物，在水稻基因组或者cDNA文库中筛选与双子叶植物花器官发育相对应的MADS基因，因为同源异型基因的突变与花器官的变异是直接对应的关系，所以突变体的应用是当前功能基因组学的发展方向。

In this review, we use Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa as examples, and summarize the study results of floral homeotic MADS-box genes in two major groups of angiosperms — core eudicots and monocots — over the past decade. Our aim was to review the functional conservation and diversity of floral homeotic MADS-box genes in angiosperms and discuss whether the ABCDE model has been conserved in monocotyledons.

本文以模式植物拟南芥和水稻为例，综述了近10年来对被子植物两大主要类群——核心真双子叶植物和单子叶植物花同源异型MADS-box基因的研究成果，分析MADS-box基因在被子植物中的功能保守性和多样性，同时探讨双子叶植物花发育的ABCDE模型在多大程度上适用于单子叶植物。

Germination hypogeal; cotyledons flat-convex (although surface between cotyledons may not be completely flat).

子叶平的凸的(虽然在完全平子叶可能不是之间的表面)。

A DNA demethylating agent. This finding suggests that Met induce the flowering of detached cotyledon culture perhaps through acting as a methyl donor of DNA methylating not as the precursor of ethylene synthesis.

上述结果说明：10^(-5)M Met浸种3 h能显著促进子叶培养物的花芽形成，Met对离体子叶成花的诱导作用可能是作为甲基供体通过DNA甲基化途径来实现的。

The galactosyl oligosaccharides of raffinose series are widely distributed in seeds of many species and are localized in tissues that remain viable after desiccation, including the embryo and aleurone layer of cereals, cotyledons and axis tissues of legumes and other dicots.

棉子糖半乳糖苷系列寡糖广泛分布在许多种植物种子中，并存在于干燥后仍能保持活力的组织内，如禾谷类种子的胚及糊粉层，豆类及其他双子叶植物的子叶和胚轴组织等。棉子糖半乳糖苷系列寡糖在禾谷类种子的非自溶性中央胚乳中不合成，但存在于蓖麻种子的自溶性胚乳细胞中。

These large differences were predominantly caused by differences in numbers of annual dicots and perennial, mainly woodland dicots while the higher total species numbers in the Netherlands were mainly the result of an increase in all annual species.

这些大的差异主要是所造成的差异，在人数每年双子叶植物和多年生，林地主要是双子叶植物，而高占总种数的数目，在荷兰，主要是由于增加了，每年都种。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。