子叶

Within Old World European Gesneriaceae species (Ramonda myconi and Haberlea rhodopensis), there appears to be a secondary loss of anisocotylous trait back to isocotyly.

特别的是旧世界苦苣苔科中欧洲苦苣苔成员(Ramonda myconi， Haberlea rhodopensis)丧失子叶不等大的现象而成为子叶等大的幼苗。

Because homeotic gene mutation and floral organ variation is a direct relationship,therefore the mutant application is the current functional genomics study developmentdirection. We discovered one mutant ah from line 458, which was a line ofthe twin-seedling strain W2555.ln this study, we have investigated the morphogenesisprogress, genetic analysis of mutant traits and molecular tagging of related gene.

目前，由于在水稻中发现的花器官突变体很少，所以对水稻花发育的研究主要是利用双子叶植物MAS-box基因的保守序列设计引物，在水稻基因组或者cDNA文库中筛选与双子叶植物花器官发育相对应的MADS基因，因为同源异型基因的突变与花器官的变异是直接对应的关系，所以突变体的应用是当前功能基因组学的发展方向。

In this review, we use Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa as examples, and summarize the study results of floral homeotic MADS-box genes in two major groups of angiosperms — core eudicots and monocots — over the past decade. Our aim was to review the functional conservation and diversity of floral homeotic MADS-box genes in angiosperms and discuss whether the ABCDE model has been conserved in monocotyledons.

本文以模式植物拟南芥和水稻为例，综述了近10年来对被子植物两大主要类群——核心真双子叶植物和单子叶植物花同源异型MADS-box基因的研究成果，分析MADS-box基因在被子植物中的功能保守性和多样性，同时探讨双子叶植物花发育的ABCDE模型在多大程度上适用于单子叶植物。

Germination hypogeal; cotyledons flat-convex (although surface between cotyledons may not be completely flat).

子叶平的凸的(虽然在完全平子叶可能不是之间的表面)。

The cotyledon and seed coat were cooked at 120℃ 10~50 min and compare their content of pH and chlorophyll. The result showed pH value of seed coat（6.25~5,46）was lower then cotyledon（6.35~6.06）. The increase of acidity and heat treatment caused content of chlorophyll in the seed coat to decrease（6.57~1.28 mg/100 g）and form pheophytin.

绿豆子叶、种皮於120 ℃烹煮10~50 min时，发现种皮pH值（6.25~5.46）较子叶（6.35~6.06）为低，於酸性环境与热造成种皮中叶绿素含量降低（6.57~1.28 mg/100g），并形成褐黄色的脱镁叶绿素，此现象与种皮b值增加（21.55~34.85）具关联性。

The reseach on activity changes of SOD, POD and CAT during the somatic embryogenesis of Y35 showed:(1) The activty of SOD was from 52.98 to 133.20 U·g-1·h-1, and remained a rising trend after early single embryo forming, this revealed that SOD might be positively correlated to the differentiation of embryogenic cell and the development of somatic embryo.(2) The activty of POD was from 0.05 to 0.50 U·mg-1·min-1, ascended firstly and desceded later, and was highest in embryogenic callus and lowest in late single embryo , this revealed that POD might be positively correlated to the division and differentiation of proembryo mass, while negatively correlated to the development of PEMⅢto late single embryo.(3) The activty of CAT was from 0.86 to 2.81 U·mg-1·min-1, showed an up-down-up trend, reaching to the highest peak at the time of early embryo formating and decreasing to the lowest at the time of early cotyledonary embryo formating, this revealed that CAT might be positively correlated to the development of early single embryo, while negatively correlated to the formation of middle single embryo and early cotyledonary embryo.The changes in activty of SOD, POD and CAT indicated these three antioxidant enzymes coregulated the differentiation and development of embryogenic cells during Larix somatic embryogenesis.4. Differentially expressed cDNA libraries of the stages of proembryo mass and somatic embryo maturation were successfully constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization.

对Y35体细胞胚胎发生过程中抗氧化酶活性变化的研究显示：(1)SOD活性在52.98~133.20 U·g-1·h-1之间，并在早期单胚形成后一直保持上升的趋势，表明其与胚性细胞的分化及体细胞胚的发育均具呈正相关；(2)POD活性在0.05~0.50 U·mg-1·min-1之间，呈现出先下降后升高的趋势，在胚性愈伤组织中最高，而在后期单胚形成时降至最低，表明其与原胚团的分裂和分化呈正相关，但与PEMⅢ向后期单胚的发育呈负相关；(3)CAT活性在0.86~2.81 U·mg-1·min-1之间，表现出升-降-升的变化趋势，在早期单胚形成时升至最高，在早期子叶胚形成时降至最低，表明其与早期单胚的发育呈正相关，而与中期单胚和早期子叶胚的发育呈负相关。

As time of accelerated aging increased,abscisic acidcontent of cotyledons andaxes was increased dramatically.ABA contentwas 4 times more in seed axes aged for 5 daysthan in unaged ones and 1 time more in cotyledons.

随着人工加速老化，菜用大豆种子胚轴、子叶内ABA含量都呈增加的趋势，老化5天种子胚轴内ABA含量为未老化的5倍多，子叶内则为2倍多。

Cucumber cotyledon ; methionine ; imbibition ; DNA methylating ; flowering of cultures of detached cucumber

黄瓜子叶；甲硫氨酸；浸种； DNA甲基化；子叶培养物成花

A DNA demethylating agent. This finding suggests that Met induce the flowering of detached cotyledon culture perhaps through acting as a methyl donor of DNA methylating not as the precursor of ethylene synthesis.

上述结果说明：10^(-5)M Met浸种3 h能显著促进子叶培养物的花芽形成，Met对离体子叶成花的诱导作用可能是作为甲基供体通过DNA甲基化途径来实现的。

The galactosyl oligosaccharides of raffinose series are widely distributed in seeds of many species and are localized in tissues that remain viable after desiccation, including the embryo and aleurone layer of cereals, cotyledons and axis tissues of legumes and other dicots.

棉子糖半乳糖苷系列寡糖广泛分布在许多种植物种子中，并存在于干燥后仍能保持活力的组织内，如禾谷类种子的胚及糊粉层，豆类及其他双子叶植物的子叶和胚轴组织等。棉子糖半乳糖苷系列寡糖在禾谷类种子的非自溶性中央胚乳中不合成，但存在于蓖麻种子的自溶性胚乳细胞中。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。