婆

The tendency for the laity to form themselves into religious guilds, or societies--evident in the case of the yaksha cults, Buddhism, and Jainism--promoted the growth of devotional Vaishnavism and Saivism.

俗人趋向于把他们编成一个宗教协会或社团——夜叉祭礼是明显的例子。佛教和耆那教——促进了虔诚的外氏那瓦和湿婆派的发展。

This process, sometimes called "Sanskritization," began in Vedic times when non-Aryan chieftains accepted the ministrations of Brahmans and thus achieved social status for themselves and their subjects.

这种发展，有时候是被称为"使梵文化"，开始于吠陀时期，非雅利安的酋长接受婆罗门的管辖，从而为他们自己和比他们更低级的种姓获得社会地位。

It was full of sap, full of leaves, and full of boughs; but now in vain does the busy art of man pretend to vie with nature, by tying that withered bundle of twigs to its sapless trunk; it is now at best but the reverse of what it was, a tree turned upside-down, the branches on the earth, and the root in the air; it is now handled by every dirty wench, condemned to do her drudgery, and, by a capricious kind of fate, destined to make other things clean, and be nasty itself; at length, worn to the stumps in the service of the maids, it is either thrown out of doors or condemned to the last use - of kindling a fire.

如今变了样，却还有人自作聪明，想靠手艺同大自然竞争，拿来一束枯枝捆在它那已无树液的身上，结果是枉费心机，不过颠倒了它原来的位置，使它枝干朝地，根梢向天，成为一株头冲下的树，归在任何干苦活的婆子的手里使用，从此受命运摆布，把别人打扫干净，自己却落得个又脏又臭，而在女仆们手里折腾多次之后，最后只剩下一支根株了，于是被扔出门外，或者作为引火的柴禾烧掉了。

It was full sap, full of leaves, and full of boughs, but now in vain does the busy art of man pretend to vie with nature, by tying that withered bundle of twigs to its sapless trunk, it is now at best but the reverse of what it was ,a tree turned upside down, the branches on the earth,and the root in the air, it is now handled by every dirty wench, condemned to do her drudgery, and, by a capricious kind of fate, destined to make other things clean, and be nasty itself, at length, worn to the stumps in the service of the maids, it is either thrown out of doors or condemned to the last use —kindling afire.

如今变了样，却还有人自作聪明，想靠手艺同大自然竞争，拿来一束枯枝捆在它那已无树液的身上，结果枉费心机，不过颠倒了它原来的位置，使它枝干朝地，根梢向天，成为一株头冲下的树，归在任何干苦活的脏婆子的手里使用，从此受命运摆布。把别人打扫干净，自己却落得个又脏又臭，而在女仆们手里折腾多次之后，最后只剩下根株了，于是被扔出门外，或者作为引火的柴火烧掉了

That virtuous and devoted woman Savitri replied, O brahmana, please listen attentively to the answer to this question.

那位富有美德和爱心的萨薇翠女士答道：婆罗门啊！请细听回答。

Having slain mother, father (self-conceit), two warrior-kings, and destroyed a country together with its treasurer, ungrieving goes the holy man.

在杀掉母亲、父亲与两位刹帝利王、及摧毁了国家和她的众臣之后，婆罗门得以解脱苦。

All these benefactions were made in a spirit of mingled charity and self-gratification, but to Mrs. Gerhardt they glowed with but one motive.

这一些恩赐，都是由慈善精神和自图快意的精神交混而来的，但在葛婆子看来，总觉得动机只有一种。

If he has attachments, he is to be called only "self-important".

若还未脱离烦恼，他只算是个低下的婆罗门。

The Middle Way means avoidance of the two extremes of sensual indulgence and self-mortification that the Buddha found among Hindu yogis in his day.

中道意即避免欲乐和苦行两种极端的行为，这是佛陀从当时婆罗门教的修行者当中所发现的。

These yogis thought self-mortification would destroy desire and self-indulgence would destroy hatred. The Middle Way also means avoiding like or dislike.

这些婆罗门的修行者认为：自我苦行可以去除贪爱而自我放纵可以去除瞋恨，中道也有避免贪瞋的意思。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。