委婉语

These differences attributes on the one hand to the fact of male dominance in language, that a society penetrated with the overwhelming conception of male dominance is mirrored in language with the directness, less use of euphemism, more coarse even tabooed words characteristic of male language and with the politeness, circumbendibus, and more use of euphemisms typical of female language.

这些差异在理论上一方面归因于语言存在性别歧视，男性主导的社会反映在语言上即男性语言的直接，较少使用委婉语，并较多使用粗俗甚至禁忌语，而女性语言则以礼貌，迂回，较多使用委婉语为特点。

And then makes detailed discussion on euphemism from the aspects of the different functions through a lot of examples.

然后通过大量的实例从委婉语不同的功能对委婉语进行了细致的探讨。

Analyse the metaphor mechanism in nice Nelly, the viewpoint that applies cognitive linguistics explained the cognitive manage of nice Nelly is occupied.

分析委婉语中的隐喻机制，运用认知语言学的观点解释了委婉语的认知理据。

In this paper, firstly, the history of English euphemisms is diachronically introduced; and then, their creation is semantically and phonetically discussed.

Enright，1 985 ：1 1 3在本文中，笔者首先从历时的角度简述了英语委婉语的发展历史，然后主要从语义和语音两个方面讨论了英语委婉语的构造方式。

Language communication is an important way to maintain the social relationship among human beings. The use of Euphemism avoids causing the unpleasantness of two communicative sides and damaing their relationship. Basing on the implication of Euphemism, the paper mainly explores the functions of taboo, politeness, avoidance of vulgarism, cover of Euphemism and persuasion that are helpful for our conscious and correct language using in cross-cultural communication.

摘 要：语言交际是人类赖以维系社会和人际关系的重要手段，委婉语的使用有效避免了引起交际双方的不快从而损害双方的关系，本文从委婉语的应用出发，着重探讨了委婉语的避讳功能、礼貌功能、避俗功能、掩饰功能、劝诱功能，这将有助于我们在跨文化交际中更加自觉和准确地使用语言。

In western cultures, many of the fields that people tend to euphemize widely are not different from anywhere in the world.

本文介绍了委婉语同禁忌语的关系，委婉语对语境的依赖性，着重介绍了英语委婉语的特点及在各个领域的应用，并探讨了人们使用这些委婉语的原因。

The essay will focus on the four catalogues of euphemism in daily communication, oldness, death, shortcomings, and body function.

文中将日常生活交际中常出现的委婉语分为四类：老年、死亡、缺点、身体功能委婉语进行讨论。

This paper is intended to convey a general knowledge about which specific areas are usually euphemized in the two largest English-speaking countries and about the reasons why people there avoid talking about those things in plain words.

但也存在着独有的现象，本文着重介绍了在英语国家中，人们使用委婉语的一般知识和几个特殊的方面，以及探讨了人们使用这些委婉语的的原因。

Chapter four begins with an elaboration of prototype theory and levels of categorization. Later, it is claimed that some tabooed words and their corresponding euphemisms function as the prototype and peripheral members respectively.

第四章首先详细地介绍了原型理论，范畴的不同层次理论，接着应用上述理论来分析委婉语，认为一些禁忌语和其对应的委婉语分别是同一范畴内的典型成员和边缘成员。

Death euphemism as a result of its own characteristics, with the typical euphemisms and representation.

死亡委婉语由于其自身的特点，具有委婉语的典型性和代表性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。