妊娠

By inhibiting vasoconstriction, the use of low-dose aspirin in the first trimester could influence placentation and therefore prevent or delay development of hypertensive pregnancy complications, such as pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia.

在妊娠早期的三个月使用低剂量阿司匹林可以作用于胎盘，通过抑制胎盘血管收缩从而防止或推迟妊娠高血压并发症的发展，如妊娠高血压综合征和先兆子痫。

In order to investigate the effect of IFN-γon the expression of TNF-αin the hypothala- mus-pituitary-ovary axisof RU486-induced aborted SD rats, RU486 was used to establish the abortion model, then the aborted rats were administrated with different doses of IFN-γintraperitoneal injection, the method of immunohistochemical ultrasensitive SP was us- ed to study the variation of positive TNF-αcells in hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and uterus in normal pregnant group A, aborted model group B and three different doses of IFN-γgroup C,D,E. The main goal of this research was to study whether the low dose of IFN-γcould have a protective function to pregnancy and the mechanism of its function so as to provide morph- ologic basis for the scientific using of IFN-γin the process of animal abortion control.

为探讨IFN-γ对流产大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴(hypothalamus-pituitary- ovary-axis，HPOA )TNF-α表达的影响，本试验用米非司酮(RU486)建立SD大鼠流产模型，通过腹腔注射不同剂量IFN-γ，采用超敏感免疫组织化学SP法(链霉素抗生物素—过氧化物酶法)，观察了孕13天(d13)SD大鼠正常妊娠A组、流产模型B组、不同剂量IFN-γC、D、E组下丘脑、垂体、卵巢、子宫TNF-α的表达变化，探讨低剂量IFN-γ对妊娠是否有保护作用及其作用机制，期望能为在妊娠过程中如何科学应用IFN-γ防止动物流产提供形态学依据。

Etiology is not clear at present, is generally believed that may be related to the following factors: the first 3 months of pregnancy the mother suffered from disease on primality infection; early pregnancy to accept a large quantity of radioactive radiation; severe malnutrition; taking certain drugs during pregnancy, such as tetracycline, sedatives, quinine, etc., can lead to the occurrence of congenital heart disease in children.

目前病因尚不清楚，一般认为可能与下列因素有关：母亲妊娠最初3个月患有病素性感染；妊娠初期接受大量放射性照射；严重营养不良；妊娠期服用某些药物，如四环素、镇静药、奎宁等，可导致小儿发生先天性心脏病。

Result: Quadruplet pregnancy was an extremely rare disease, accompanied with multiple complications during the perinatal period. Its major clinical feature was excessly large uterine, the definitive diagnosis of quadruplet pregnancy depended on ultrasonography. With reason able prenatal examination and prevention from the multiple complications during the perinatal period, the quadruplet pregnancy could had a similar outcome as single birth.

结果：四胎妊娠的发生率极低，围产期并发症多，临床表现主要为子宫过度增大，明确诊断主要依靠超声通过合理的产前监测和对围产期并发症的防治，四胎妊娠仍能取得和单胎妊娠一样的良好结局。

The rhombencephalon does not observed until on the 30th day of gestation and the rhombencephalon angle is about 5 degrees on the 45th day.(4) The eyes of the embryo appeare on the 28th day of gestation. It could be observed clearly with a diameter of approximately 0.5 cm on the 34th day.

3牦牛的菱脑在妊娠第30天时，界限清晰，在第45天时菱脑角约为5度；(4)牦牛在妊娠28天时，眼以眼泡的形式出现，止妊娠的34天时，可以明显的观察到直径约为0.5cm圆形的眼。

Hydrosalpinx is detrimental to the outcome of IVF-ET and may cause the increase of abortion,appropriate procedure should be adopted to deal with the problem before the IVF-ET and may improve the outcome of IVF-ET and may decrease the abortion rate.Compared with the salpingectomy,the proximal tubal ligation with distal tubal salingostomy may be a better option in this situation and it may cause less interference to the ovarian function.

输卵管积水对IVF-ET有不良影响，增加了流产率及异位妊娠率，在IVF-ET前对输卵管积水进行适当的处理有助于提高临床妊娠率，降低流产率；与输卵管切除术相比，输卵管近端结扎伞端造口术对卵巢功能影响较小，不增加流产率及异位妊娠率。

Result :Up to 50% of women with ectopic pregany have had Chronic salpingitis previously.Early diagnosis of unruptured tube pregnancy will obviate later hemorrhagic shock..

结果50%异位妊娠女性存在慢性输卵管炎，异位妊娠的早期诊断有助于降低异位妊娠合并失血性休克的发生率。

Patients and MethodsPatientsPatients with pre - eclampsia performed cesarean section in the third trimester of pregnancy were chosen as experimental group ( n = 31), who were previously healthy uniparous monocyesis not parturient and without internal disease and familial hypertension history.

研究对象选取妊娠晚期以剖宫产方式终止妊娠的子癎前期患者31例为实验组，诊断标准参照乐杰主编《妇产科学》第六版，患者既往健康，均为单胎、初产妇、未临产，无其它内科合并症及家族性高血压病史，其中重度子癎前期患者16例，轻度子癎前期患者15例；以同期住院的正常妊娠妇女21例作为对照组，均因臀位、头盆不称等择期剖宫产。

The results indicate that the disease occurred at the age of 30 -39 in the group of ectopic pregnancy cases(55. 9%), Ectopic pregnancy cases with a contraceptive device accounted to 30. 5%;and,the early symptoms of ectopic pregnancy are abdominal pains and colporrhagia that leads to fierce abdominal pains.

结果表明：本组异位妊娠发病年龄30～39岁占55.9％；带器异位妊娠占30.5％；异位妊娠初发症状腹痛、阴道出血距因剧烈腹痛、大量失血急诊入院平均时间分别为4.68天和9.60天，半数以上达到或超过3天。

Results:(1)The expression place: LOX-1 and Caspase-3 are expressed in syneytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast of villus in early pregnancy, and they are expressed in syneytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast and vascular endothelial cell of placenta of normal in middle and advanced stage.

氧化损伤能够诱导胎盘细胞凋亡[4]，在正常妊娠过程中，体内氧化和抗氧化损伤相互制约，进而达到平衡状态，如果该平衡被打破，则发生流产，早产，妊娠高血压综合症等病理妊娠。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。