如是

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

That this would justify the Conduct the Spaniards in all their Barbarities practis'd in America, and where they destroy'd Millions of these People, who however they were Idolaters and Barbarians, and had several bloody and barbarous Rites in their Customs, such as sacrificing human Bodies to their Idols, were yet, as to the Spaniards, very innocent People; and that the rooting them out of the Country, is spoken of with the utmost Abhorrence and Detestation, by even the Spaniards themselves, at this Time; and by all other Christian Nations of Europe, as a meer Butchery, a bloody and unnatural Piece of Cruelty, unjustifiable either to God or Man; and such, as for which the very Name of a Spaniard is reckon'd to be frightful and terrible to all People of Humanity, or of Christian Compassion: As if the Kingdom of Spain were particularly Eminent for the Product of a Race of Men, who were without Principles of Tenderness, or the common Bowels of Pity to the Miserable, which is reckon'd to be a Mark of generous Temper in the Mind.

我若这样做，无异于承认那些西班牙人在美洲的暴行是正当的了。大家都知道，西班牙人在美洲屠杀了成千上万的当地土人。这些土著民族崇拜偶象，确确实实是野蛮民族；在他们的风俗中，有些仪式残忍野蛮，如把活人祭祀他们的偶像等等。可是，对西班牙人而言，他们都是无辜的。西班牙人这种杀人灭种的行为，无论在西班牙人自己中间，还是在欧洲各基督教国家中谈论起来，都引起极端的憎恶和痛恨，认为这是一种兽性的屠杀，一种人神共恨的残酷不仁的暴行。&西班牙人&这个名词，在一切具有人道主义思想和基督徒同情心的人们中，成了一个可怕的字眼，就仿佛只有西班牙这个国家才出这样的人：他们残酷不仁，对不幸的人竟毫无怜悯之心；而同情和怜悯正是仁慈品德的标志。

Therefore," no-clobber " is actually a misnomer in this mode?it's not clobbering that's prevented (as the numeric suffixes were already preventing clobbering), but rather the multiple version saving that's prevented.

因此， &不撞&，实际上是名不副实在此模式-它不是说是十足的阻碍（如数字后缀已经是十足的预防），但相当多的版本，节约的是可以避免的。

This paper discusses on that the display of university library's educational function externalizes the values of the modern education from the background of the values of the modern education, the superiorities and paths of university library's educational function in realizing the values of the modern education.

图书馆所具有的教育功能在实现现代教育价值观中的优势是课堂教育无法替代的，同时图书馆教育功能发挥的中介因素(如资源建设、服务手段、管理方式等)的优化，是实现现代教育价值观的重要途径。1现代教育价值观提出的背景中国传统的教育价值观基本上是社会本位价值观，而西方所推崇的则是个人本位价值观。

Four important conclusions were drawn. First, the CMLE method is the most suitable pro-cedure for parameter estimation in 1-parameter model. Second, the test construction of TIPS guided by classical test theory will not be valid for obtaining reliable measures. Third, the systemmatic ICC presenting method presented the perfect item and ability latent traits for the results in CMLE findings. Fourth, the complicated analysis of reliability coefficient and likeli-hood parameters met the precise and accurate measures of latent traits in either integrated process skills or hypothesizing skills.

本研究四项主要结论如下：一是CMLE确为分析试题潜在结构的量化模式，本文之精心分析过程及分析技术本身即为重要的测验资料分析规范；二是TIPS全卷及试题与原始之评量目标对应关系并未如古典测验理论之分析结果；三是各试题之表徵曲线图示法，显示在同一难易度鉴别度下，CMLE估计法分析确实显现高、中、低能力群之试题及能力特质；四是由信度系数及概度参数分析精准地显示了全卷及形成假说技能之试题参数之潜在特质。

Dusk Looking into the sunset I can't help but notice that despite her beauty, a sense of struggle and hopeless surround the sky . Deep inside you realize that this day is gone, and everything that It had brought is lost forever. Every thought,every action,every dream,every hope, every sight,every sound is gone. There is no chance of every being returned the same, exactly the same. For every moment has a limit to what it can capture, Every memory has a limit to what it had retrieve. And the colours in the sky try to entertain us. one last act with painted smiles, for they too know that nothing can be done to save the day. So futile their attempt to comfort our fear of the night. our horror as we try to find our way, like children who wander into a forest and never return. I am ingratiated by the sunset because of her sensitivity as she tries to push the darkness back for just a moment more. But like so many times before....to no avail!

黄昏 凝望夕阳，我无法抑止地看到，无论她是如何的美丽动人，挣扎和绝望依然萦绕天幕，内心深处，你明白今日已逝，它所带来的一切也永远消失了，每一脉思想，每一次行动，每一个梦想，每一线希望每一幅景象，每一缕声音，都消逝而去，一切都不可能还复如初，和原来一模一样，只因每一个时刻所能捕捉的东西是有限的，甚至每一段记忆所能缅怀的一切也是有限的而天空中的绮丽色彩努力让我们快乐起来，最后上演的是五彩缤纷的微笑，因为它们也知晓，做什么都无法留住时日，它们想安慰我们对夜的恐惧，而又如此徒劳无益，虽然恐惧，我们依然寻找出路，宛若在林中的孩心，彷徨不知归路，我满心欢喜，只因夕阳的敏感，她竭力将黑暗推回，仅仅为了再多驻留一刻，可却犹如以往，一切都无济于事。。。。

Invades the crime with otherinfrigement properties crime like larcenies, the cheating crime, theduty invades the crime to have similarly many place, but also hasessential the difference, in the judicial practice process correctlyrecognized invades the crime, first, must pay attention grips graspsinvades the crime to have a remarkable characteristic, is the behaviorperson is has other people's belongings by the legitimate way,legitimately has the other people belongings to have two kind offorms: One, replaces takes care of other people's belongings; Two isthe other people forgets the thing; Next, must correctly understand"replaces the storage the other people belongings", including visibleand the non visible property, the movable property and the realestate, national, collective all public properties and citizenindividual all properties as well as some has the illegal archerytarget property; Finally must be explicit, concerns according to ourcountry criminal law principle invades the crime the constitutionimportant document, invades the crime is behavior 犯, does not havethe attempted shape.

侵占罪与其它侵犯财产的犯罪如盗窃罪、诈骗罪、职务侵占罪有许多相似之处，但也有本质的不同，在司法实践过程中正确地认定侵占罪，首先，要注意握把握侵占罪有一个显著特点，就是行为人是以合法方式持有他人的财物，合法持有他人财物有两种形式：一是代为保管他人的财物；二是他人的遗忘物；其次，要正确理解&代为保管的他人财物&，包括有形和无形财产、动产和不动产、国家、集体所有的公共财产和公民个人所有财产以及一些具有违法性质的财产；最后要明确，按照我国刑法理论及侵占罪的构成要件，侵占罪是行为犯，不存在未遂形态。摘要；关键词

That the "wind sneaked into the night, moisten things silently" is the lingering rain, that the "Chanzao Lin more quiet, more secluded mountain bird" is a big mountain Vacant, that the "moon among pine photos, springs stone elite" is the autumn Yun Zhi, that "suddenly, such as spring night, the Trees 10000 Open Pear Tree" is a silent winter snows.

那&随风潜入夜，润物细无声&是春雨的缠绵，那&蝉噪林愈静，鸟鸣山更幽&是大山的空灵，那&明月松间照，清泉石上流&是秋的韵致，那&忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开&是冬雪的静默。

But the life is just alike of the sea, it never lets us keep a slack hand. Underneath the calm surface there's some riffles. After the calmness, there comes the scenery and for the people, they always sense the danger and fear at the bump of the wave. When they reminds of their ignorance they need to fight back by the light of nature.

可生活如海啊，是不容让人懈怠的，平静的水面下暗藏的是急流，平静过去，又将是风景，而人往往也是在风浪的颠簸中才意识到危险感到恐惧，才想起自己的疏忽，才本能地需要抗拒。

But the life is just alike of the sea, it never lets us keep a slack hand. Underneath the calm su***ce there's some riffles. After the calmness, there comes the scenery and for the people, they always sense the danger and fear at the bump of the wave. When they reminds of their ignorance they need to fight back by the light of nature.

可生活如海啊，是不容让人懈怠的，平静的水面下暗藏的是急流，平静过去，又将是风景，而人往往也是在风浪的颠簸中才意识到危险感到恐惧，才想起自己的疏忽，才本能地需要抗拒。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。