好理论的

Finally, applications of the anomalous propagation of microwave in tropospheric ducts are discussed: in connection with concrete radar parameters, effects of ducts on radar range and detection performance are discussed, the results obtained are of great value for the overall design of radar systems; by use of the interference standards of ITU-R, the co-ordination area of satellite earth-station under tropospheric ducts environment is studied ; by explaining the relationship between evaporation duct and advection fog, a new way to forecast sea advection fog from evaporation duct is provided.

最后讨论了对流层大气波导环境下电波异常传播特性的应用：结合具体的雷达系统参数，模拟计算了大气波导对雷达作用距离及发现概率的影响，对雷达系统的总体设计具有重要的参考价值；对表面大气波导环境下的卫星地球站通信协调区域进行了确定，从理论上很好地给出了协调距离量级的概念，为卫星地球站与地面微波站之间的协调提供了依据和参考；分析了利用海面蒸发波导来快速预测平流海雾的新方法，完善了平流海雾的预报方法，对海上安全作业和生产具有重要的意义。

Moreover, the synchronization of EAN is studied; the result shows that the stochastic networks are more poorly synchronized than their deterministic counterparts. These models can well mimic some real systems. Firstly, two dimensional random Apollonian networks and two dimensional EAN are maximal planar graphs, which may be helpful for designing printed circuits. Secondly, V-HDRAN can be mapped into the Yule process, which was inspired by observations of the statistics of biological taxa. From this perspective, V-HDRAN can find some applications in biological systems. Thirdly, all networks of this type consist of complete graphs; this particularity of the composing units can provide a comprehensive aspect to understand some real-life systems making up of complete graphs, such as movie actor collaboration networks, scientific collaboration networks and networks of company directors.

这些模型可以很好地描述现实系统，其中二维随机阿波罗网络与二维演化的阿波罗网络为最大平面图，这对印刷电路板等现实系统的设计有重要的借鉴作用；变体模型V-HDRAN的构建过程与Nature上发表的关于生物物种的形成过程之间存在一个一一对应的关系，这对生物系统的建模有重要的价值；另外，这类网络均由完全图组成，它们对由完全图组成的电影演员合作网、科学家合作网、公司董事网等由完全图构成的现实网络的建模有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

Unfortunately, it has been shownthat these methods are not suitable to study about chemical bonds due to not involvingchemical bonds. In order to consider chemical bonds obviously, we have proposed an atom-bondelectronegativity equalization model on the basis of density-functionaltheory and electronegativity equalization principle. The main contents of our atom-bond electronegativity equalization model contain:(1)Considering the fact that there are varies of chemical bonds in molecules andpartitioning the molecular electron density as summations of atomic electron densitiesand chemical bond's electron densities, we obtained the basic equations of atom-bondelectronegativity equalization model: the expression of the total energy 〓, theexpression of the atom electronegativity 〓 and the expression of the bondelectronegativity 〓.

为了明确地考虑和处理分子中存在的化学键，以便能够更好地描述体系中的电荷分布进而准确地描述分子体系中的有关物理化学性质，尤其是与化学键有关的物理化学性质，我们在密度泛函理论和电负性均衡原理基础上提出了原子-键电负性均衡模型，原子-键电负性均衡模型的主要内容是：(1)考虑到分子体系中存在各种化学键这个事实，将分子空间看成是由原子区和化学键区组成的，将分子的单电子密度表达成为分子中各组成原子的单电子密度和各化学键的单电子密度的加和，从而得到了原子-键电负性均衡模型的基本方程：分子体系总能量〓和分子中原子电负性〓和化学键电负性〓表达式。

The results of prediction agree well with the experimental ones. It proves that the thermo-mechanical analysis、the neural network models of flow stress and microstructure as well as the numerical simulation system developed combining coupled thermal-mechanical rigid-viscoplastic FEM with BP neural networks are reliable to describe the hot back extrusion process of Ti15-3 alloy truly. The simulation system has good prediction capacity for the microstructure evolution of Ti-15-3 alloy during hot backward extrusion and after solution treatment. It can be used to replace the experiments for predicting the flowing laws and the distribution of microstructure.

由此证明，本文的热力耦合理论分析、流变应力及显微组织的神经网络预测模型以及采用三维热力耦合刚粘塑性有限元与三层向后传播的人工神经网络相结合的方法开发的Ti-15-3合金筒形件热反挤成形的显微组织数值模拟系统是可靠的，能够真实地描述Ti-15-3合金热反挤工艺过程，并对其反挤成形及固溶处理后的显微组织具有很好的预测能力，可以被用来代替预测其反挤成形规律和组织分布情况的试验。

Only in cauchy distribution are expected value and variance non-exist. By sas programming with SQL and MACRO we solve the fit of frequency distributions of data with these distributions. Meanwhile good-of-fit test is actualized so that the bound of parameters of distribution function is dwindling until the desired accuracy is arrived. The process is executed by the circle of macro.

利用SAS的SQL和MACRO等语句编写了大量的程序，以拟合优度检验结果为标准，不断地变换八种分布的参数变化范围，通过宏程序的不断循环，逐步缩小参数的范围，最后达到预先设定的标准，从而可以发现八种分布中哪几种分布能比较好地拟合给定的实际频数资料，我们再根据拟合优度检验的结果判断出哪种分布拟合实际频数资料最好，最终获得该频数资料的最佳的理论分布函数形式。

Meanwhile, it could be seen that there does not exist a confidence interval with width less than 0.5 because of the property of Poisson distribution. Based on these conditions, the author mainly carried out research into two aspects of this problem as follows. Firstly, by numerical and theoretical analysis, the author compares some existent confidence intervals, for example,"exact" confidence interval, Wald confidence interval and Bayesian confidence interval, and finds some deficiencies points of the confidence intervals, whose modification version has been proposed .Also, several better confidence intervals such asare also presented .Secondly, for given confidence coefficient and interval width, the author constructs a class of asymptotical two-stage interval estimate procedures. At the same time, under varies restriction of confidence coefflcientent interval width, the optional sample size of the first stage has been computed by numerical computation. The numerical computation shows that the method considered in this dissertation have good properties and applied value.

同时，由于Poisson分布的特性，我们知道不存在其参数区间长度小于0.5的置信区间，基于这些情况，我们主要展开了以下两个方面的研究：一是利用数值计算分析与理论分析的方法对现有的若干置信区间如"精确"置信区间，Wald置信区间，Bayes置信区间等进行分析比较，发现了一些缺陷，针对这些缺陷，我们进行适当的修正，并得到几种性质较好的置信区间如：修正大样本区间Jeffreys原则下置信区间二是针对已给定的置信系数与区间长度，我们提出了一种渐近的两阶段区间估计程序，并利用数值计算的方法，在各种置信系数与区间长度限定下，算出了最优的第一阶段观测次数，大量数据表明，本文考虑的方法性态良好，具有应用价值。

The results of interior ballistic theoretical simulationindicates that the single PSS charge application need propellants be provided with upperburning rate, adopting PSS and traditional model frame propellants commix charge is apractical applied technique approach.. By optimizing the PSS model frame parameter, wecan obtain "flat roof" domino offect with better even peak value "double peak" p-tcurve. Comparing with current 19 hole propellants charge with the best increasing burningsurface characteristic, the muzzle velocity of projectile can be enhanced about 55m/s, andthe instruct pressure efficiency can be enhanced about 5.7％.

内弹道理论模拟结果表明，PSS发射药单一装药的应用，需要发射药具有较高的燃烧速度，采用PSS发射药与传统药型的混合装药，是目前PSS发射药实际应用的技术途径，通过药型参数的优化可获得"平台"效应更好的等峰值的"双峰型"P～t曲线，与现有增面性最好的19孔发射药装药相比，弹丸初速可提高55m／s左右，示压效率高5.7％左右。

Thereby, these facts indicate that the SDE not only have better statistic properties but also have uniformly smaller mean square errors than ANOVAE in an available group of linear mixed models. The other significative following work is to generalize the idea of SDE to multivariate linear mixed model and obtain the SDE of variance component matrices which uniformly dominate the ANOVAE either.

对于含有一个随机效应的混合模型，目前文献中都仅讨论了方差分量的谱分解估计和ANOVA估计等价的充要条件，本文首次给出了方差分量的谱分解估计在均方误差意义下严格的优于ANOVA估计的理论结果，并推广到广义谱分解估计，从而说明谱分解估计不仅较ANOVA估计有更好的统计性质，而且在一类常用的模型下有更小的风险损失。

London, 1904 holds that no reasonable man would profess to disprove the Christian miracles historically; that in historical studies we must accept the principle of continuity as set forth by evolution, that the statements of the New Testament are based mainly on Christian experience, in which there is always an element of false theory; that we must distinguish between the true underlying fact and its defective outward expression; that this expression is conditioned by the intellectual atmosphere of the time, and passes away to give place to a higher and better expression.

认为，没有合理的男子自称推翻了基督教历史上的奇迹，这在历史研究，我们必须接受的原则连续性所阐述的演变，该声明的新约主要是根据基督教的经验，其中总有一项内容虚假的理论；，我们必须区分真正的基本事实，其缺陷向外表达；，这言论自由是有条件的智力气氛的时候，和去世给地方更高，更好地表达。

Based on detailed mathematical model of the heat and mass transfer processes in packed-type counterflow liquid desiccant systems, a set of linear ordinary differential equations describing the transfer processes is obtained by some appropriate simplications.

在建立逆流填料式液体除湿系统传热传质过程的数学模型基础上，通过合理的简化处理，导出了描述这一热质传递过程的常微分方程组，得到了相应的解析解；并与精确数学模型的数值解进行了对比，二者具有良好的吻合性；利用解析解分析了各参数对除湿性能的影响；所得解析解具有较好的理论及应用价

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。