奴隶

Contrary to abolitionist propaganda, Christian slave owners tried to find ways to keep families together.

主张奴隶废除者宣传所有拥有奴隶的人都破坏奴隶的家庭，但拥有奴隶的基督徒其实为了保持奴隶家庭的完整而尝试各种办法。

"Persian founder of Babism, a 19th-century religion that forbade polygamy, begging, trading in slaves , and the use of alcohol or drugs."

巴布教派的波斯创始人，该教为19世纪的宗教之一，该教禁止多配偶、乞讨、买卖奴隶和使用酒精及麻醉品。那奴隶主将奴隶们拴在栅栏上。

Meantime, that vast mass of the population of Western Europe whose condition was servile or semi-servile —— the Roman and German personal slaves, the Roman coloni and the German lidi —— were concurrently absorbed by the feudal organisation, a few of them assuming a menial relation to the lords, but the greater part receiving land on terms which in those centuries were considered degrading.

当这个时期，西欧的广大人民都处于奴隶或半奴隶的状态——罗马和日耳曼的个人奴隶，即罗马的土著农奴和日耳曼的农奴——他们同时为封建组织所并吞，他们中的一小部分对封建主处于奴仆关系，但大部分则以当时视为降格的条件接受土地。

They have purchased your slave judges, they have debauched your slave legislatures, and they have forced to worse horrors than chattel slavery your slave boys and girls.

他们收买你们的奴隶法官，败坏你们的奴隶议会，用比最恶劣的奴役还要可怕的形式奴役你们的奴隶子女。

What we have stated with reference to the number of slaves which can be manumitted by will should be understood to mean that where a man has a right to liberate the half, the third, the fourth, or the fifth part of his entire body of slaves, he shall in no case be restricted to a smaller number than he would have been permitted to manumit had the estimate been made according to the next preceding scale.

对于我们在介绍通过遗嘱解放奴隶的数额时所谈到的规则，应当作这样的理解：对于那些可以解放其中一半、三分之一、四分之一或者五分之一的奴隶数来说，决不应解放少于前一个限额数的奴隶。

Avery rich man came to be the slave market to_50_a slave.Allwere eager to be bought because they knew he would be a kind maeter.As the slave stood before him he asked each one to_51_him what kind of work each of them could do.

一个很有钱的人来到奴隶市场买奴隶，每个奴隶都很渴望被这个人所买下，因为他们知道这会是一个亲切的主人，在买他们之前，有钱人问了他们每人一个问题，问他们可以做什么，每个人都吹嘘自己的能力。

In the slave quarters, and even later, I heard whispered conversations among the colored people of the tortures which the slaves, including, no doubt, my ancestors on my mother's side, suffered in the middle passage of the slave ship while being conveyed from Africa to America.

不仅仅是在我住在奴隶营地的时候，乃至之后的时间，我都会听到在一些黑人之间轻声谈论着那些以前被奴隶船从非洲运送到美洲来的奴隶们，在途中所受到的痛苦和折磨，毫无疑问，我妈妈的祖先就在他们中间。

John Newton was once a slave ship captain and later campaigned against the slave trade. He was told in 1751 by a plantation owner on the Caribbean island of Antigua, that the costs had been calculated and it was cheaper to work slaves to death and replace them than to treat them well.

John Newton曾经是一名贩奴船的船长，后来却投身于打击奴隶贸易的事业。1751年在加勒比海的安提瓜岛上一位种植园主告诉他，根据计算，把奴隶累死后再替换上新奴隶比善待奴隶更便宜划算。

The slaveholder has little incentive to provide health care or to take care of slaves who are past their prime.

奴隶主人不愿为奴隶提供健康照护，或是奴隶一旦过了工作盛年，奴隶主人就不愿继续照顾了。

The "triangular trade" as it was known, whereby slave-ships left European ports for west Africa with rum, guns, textiles and other goods to exchange for slaves, and then transported them across the Atlantic to sell to plantation-owners, and then returned with sugar and coffee, also fuelled the first great wave of economic globalisation.

当时奴隶贸易被称为&三角贸易&，奴隶船载满朗姆酒、枪支和纺织品等货物离开欧洲港口到达西非换取奴隶，接下来经由大西洋把奴隶卖给种植园主，然后再把蔗糖和咖啡运回来，同时也推动了第一次经济全球化的浪潮。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。