奠基

Thus the foreshadowed a fundamental theme of this book: the foundations of language are ultimately to be found in the physical nature of man－anatomy and physiology－and that language is best regarded as a peculiar adaptation of a very universal physiological process to a species-specific ethological function: communication among members of our species.

Lashley曾指出句法研究所提出组织语序行为的问题的确是普遍性的问题，刚好预示了本书的主旨：语言的基础最终奠基於人类生理的本质－生理与构造－而且语言最好被视为一种独特的适应能力，以普遍性的生理过程去适应种族特有的行为功能：与我们的种族成员沟通。

Transcendental phenomenology, through epoche, reaches pure consciousness which is independent of natrural world and yet constitutes it. But there is such a question in this thinking that it is still hiddenly influenced by natrural attitude which Husserl strongly wants to overcome.

先验现象学的特点是，通过&悬搁&的彻底化，剥离出完全独立于自然世界、又构成着后者的纯粹意识，实现哲学的绝对的自身奠基，并释放出《逻辑研究》未达到的自身构成的现象世界。

Here belongs, first of all, an initial clarification of "judicative" doing and the "judgment" itself, along with the discrimination of immediate and mediate judgments: mediate judgments have such a sense-relatedness to other judgments that judicatively believing them "presupposes" believing these others——in the manner characteristic of a believing on account of something believed already.

在这里，顺着对&直接判断&和&间接判断&的区分，含有一种对&判断&行为和&判断&本身的最初澄清：间接判断含有一种对其他判断的含义上的关联——相信这个判断，就&预设&了对其他判断的相信（这是一种根据已经相信的东西而进行相信的特定方式）。还有对'努力得到被奠基的判断'的澄清。

At the justificatory level, the complexities of pluralism undermine attempts to ground normative standards in putatively shared understandings which must either be so abstract as to be politically inert, or specific and thereby controversial within as well as across communities.

在正当性层面上，多元主义的错综状态摧毁了试图将规范标准奠基于公认的共有理性之上的做法（这些共有理性要么太过抽象而在政治性上并不适用，要么太具体了，以至于无论在社群内部或社群之间都是引起争议的）。

Hemaintains the factors of Kantism in Husserl's thought,regarded linguistic structureas the form formalizing things.Beause of unifying things,thinking and text intolinguistic structure,his discribing linguistics in the the way of formalization have asignificance of"laying foundation".

他坚持胡塞尔思想中康德主义因素，把语言结构看成是统摄事物的形式，由于将事物、思维和文本统一到语言上来，使得他对语言作出的形式化描述具有&奠基&意义。

Originated from the Germany-based functionalist approach developed by Katharina Reiss in the 1970s, Skopostheorie is fathered by Reiss's action-theory-versed disciple Hans Vermeer who lays the foundation stone by defining translation as a kind of purposeful action.

目的论发轫于德国，其雏形是凯塞林娜·赖斯于20世纪70年代提出的功能翻译理论，赖斯的学生汉斯·威密尔从行为学的角度出发，跳出了传统译论单纯以源语为中心的窠臼，认为翻译是人类有目的的行为，创立了功能派的奠基理论：翻译的目的论。

Mr.Jin is a knowledgeable man who has deep talent in history, literature, words, archaeology, archeography, geography especially in the research of the northest history.

渤海国志长编》是金毓黻先生的代表作之一，亦为近代渤海史研究的奠基之作，在历史和文献方面均有很高的学术价值。

During the establishing and developing stages of new Chinese criminal law, the research on criminal law phil osophy made some progress on the detailed issues and methodology of criminal law science, which built the base for the development of new Chinese criminal law a nd criminal law philosophy.

在发轫、初创期完成刑事律学向近现代刑法学转变的同时，奠基于一定刑法学研究成果之上，以思辨之方式探寻刑法之本原的刑法哲学研究也开始萌生；在转型时期的中国刑法学发展中，刑法学理论和实践也发生了彻底的转型，以马克思主义哲学为指导的中国刑法哲学获得了新的启示，取得了一定的成果。

The conceptual framework adopted in this paper is the geography of everyday life informed by the theory of structuration. It emphasizes the necessary connections between the routinized daily practices and the institutionalized social structures in the course of daily practices.

整体的论述架构是奠基在以结构化历程理论为核心的日常生活地理学，强调例行化的生活惯习与制度化的生活场域在连结个人行动与社会结构之间的关键性力量。

Nobody asked us to do so. We are just costumed to commemorate the ancestors, the men who paved the way for our today, on Tomb-Sweeping Day.

没有谁要求我们必须这么做，我们只是早已习惯在清明时节缅怀先人们，缅怀那些为我们今天奠基的人。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。