契约的

In preface, author discusses the meaning of this study and the actual state of research about culture of Tibetan oath at home and abroad. The first chapter analyzes two basic sources of oath culture. In the second chapter, by analyzing literature and actual examples, author explores the problem which the definition of "oath" is unclear in Tibetan dictionary. Combining with the definition of oath, in the third chapter ,the author differs the concept among promise, treaty, bargain and caution money. The fourth chapter is mainly about the element of oath; In the fifth chapter , author divides and explores the different content and meaning of Tibetan oath.

前言"论述了这篇论文的研究意义和目前国内外对于藏族盟誓文化的研究现状；第一章"盟誓文化的产生"论述了盟誓习俗产生的两个基本根源：思想根源和社会根源；第二章"盟誓的定义"通过分析文献资料和实例，对一些藏文词典中存在的对于"盟誓"的定义不够明确的问题进行了商榷和探讨；第三章"盟誓和几个近义词的区别"结合盟誓的定义，对诺言、条约、契约、保证金几个概念的定义进行区分；第四章"盟誓的要素"结合《格萨尔王传》论述了盟誓需要具备的要素；第五章"誓言的内容特征"中结合《格萨尔王传》中的盟誓形式，划分和探讨藏族盟誓的不同内容和意义；第六章"遵守誓言的意义和不守誓言的罪孽"通过相关文献资料分别探讨了遵守誓言的积极影响和不守誓的消极影响；第七章"违誓忏悔"论述了在违背誓言后，反省改过的意义；最后，"后记对《格萨尔王传》中的盟誓文化进行了概括总结，指出这一文化突显了藏族人民崇尚真诚的品格和渴望和谐的心愿。

Author puts forward a new concept about regional administrative action for the first time, and analyzes primary seeking of interest that could be inter factor as choice of act through interest analysis way. The result indicates that the seeking self-concern of local government's officials combine the political interest and economic interest faultlessly. There are contorted regional administrative actions by those seeking in Chinese actual state. In order to limit the seeking self-concern of local government's officials, it is necessary to use institutional balance, the fruition of human political experience and existent kingdom, to rectify the regional administrative of local government from the aspect of perfect system.

本文提出区际行政行为的研究，运用利益分析的方法，通过对作为行为选择内因的主体利益追求进行了深入的分析，认为地方政府官员的自利追求，体现了地方政府所追求的政治收益与经济收益的完美结合，在中国现有的制度环境下，催生了扭曲的区际行政行为，从制度完善入手，运用制度制衡这一人类政治经验与生存智慧的结晶，变功利主义的政府行为模式为契约式的行为模式，在宪政制度的责任政府中培养前瞻式的政府管理新理念，从而促进区际政府间合作，矫正地方政府扭曲的区际行政行为。

It is an objective psychological guarantee system in view of psychology, is a result of utilitarian calculations, and an institutionally and structurally operative system in view of managerial science.

可以这样认为，契约型政府信任关系是在对社会制度和治理秩序的主观设计和建构中历史生成的，从哲学的角度看，它经历了一个从怀疑主义到契约论的过程；从心理学的角度看，它为与国家二元分立中的社会提供了一种客观性的心理保障机制；从经济学的角度看，它是个体功利性计算的集体选择；从管理学的角度看，它的制度化具有组织化的可操作性。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

Then immediately all compacts are to be broken, all civil rights to be violated, that idolatry may be extirpated; and unless these innocent Pagans, strict observers of the rules of equity and the law of Nature and no ways offending against the laws of the society, I say, unless they will forsake their ancient religion and embrace a new and strange one, they are to be turned out of the lands and possessions of their forefathers and perhaps deprived of life itself.

然后所有的契约立即被撕毁，所有的世俗权利被侵犯，偶像崇拜者可能被灭绝；除非这些无辜的非基督徒，平等规则和自然法的严格遵守者，无力冒犯社会的法律，我说，除非他们愿意放弃他们古老的宗教然后皈依一种新的陌生的宗教，否则将被逐出这片土地并失去他们从先辈那里继承的财产，甚至可能失去生命。由此我们终于可以看到：对教会的狂热，与统治他人的欲望连在一起，究竟能带来什么？

Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience.

在上帝及世人的面前，作为在场者，我们彼此庄严地订下契约，并将我们联合起来作为一个公民的政治团体。为我们更好的社会治安和维持秩序，推动上述目标的实现，因此凭着美德制定法律、设立机构。建立恒久的以正义和平等的法律、条例、法案、宪法及政府机关的体系框架。这被认为是符合公众和殖民地的权益的。我们承诺给予应得利益的应当服从和遵守我们签署的这份证言。

Topics covered include phosphines, applications of phosphorus and compounds as reagents in synthesis, the chemistry of phosphorus ylides, applications of the Wittig reaction in the synthesis of heterocyclic and carbocyclic compounds, preparation of Iminophosphoranes and their synthetic applications in the aza-Wittig reaction, phospho-transfer processes leading to bond formation, low valent phosphorus compounds and phosphorus methods in oligonucleotide chemistry.

包括的题目包括phosphines，磷的应用和作为在综合过程中的试剂的化合物，磷ylides的化学，在heterocyclic 和carbocyclic 化合物的综合过程中的威蒂格反应的应用， Iminophosphoranes的准备和在aza-威蒂格反应里的他们的合成申请，phospho 转换过程导致在oligonucleotide 化学方面的契约形成，低的化合价磷化合物和磷方法。

Topics covered include phosphines, applications of phosphorus and compounds as reagents in synthesis, the chemistry of phosphorus ylides, applications of the Wittig reaction in the synthesis of heterocyclic and carbocyclic compounds, preparation of Iminophosphoranes and their synthetic applications in the aza-Wittig reaction, phospho-transfer processes leading to bond formation, low valent phosphorus compounds and phosphorus methods in oligonucleotide chemistry.

包括的题目包括phosphines，磷的应用 Application 和作为在综合过程中的试剂的化合物，磷ylides的化学，在heterocyclic 和carbocyclic 化合物的综合过程中的威蒂格回应的应用 Application ， Iminophosphoranes的准备和在aza-威蒂格回应里的他们的合成申请，phospho 转换过程导致在oligonucleotide 化学方面的契约形成，低的化合价磷化合物和磷方法。

With the development of economy and the transition of competition form at the beginning of twenty-first century, Supply Chain Management, as one of the key strategic competition resources of enterprises, has brought on trend in practice in the field and attracted attention of many scholars.

随着经济发展与竞争态势的转变，供应链管理能力已经成为企业核心的战略竞争资源。供应商管理库存的产生是供应链管理发展到一定阶段，随着信息技术的发展，在解决库存问题过程中，通过流程变革来实现的，其成功运作有赖于相关的理念、契约和技术支撑的建立。它改变了传统的上下游企业各自为阵的库存管理方法，将资源有效的整合，有利于节约成本，实施VMI能有效降低企业库存，提高供货速度和对市场反应能力，并对整个供应链管理产生深远的影响，提高效率。

Also, the establishment of logistic regression model proves that the choice of stock delivery valuation methods doesn't vary greatly by political affairs and cost of contract, while the establishment of multiple linear regression model bears out that there is a statistics significan ce between accounting evaluation, accounting profession judgment from listed companies' non-circulating assets value depreciation and reflux and the scale of major business income and the relation of high and low ratio of debt to equity. Yet, there is no statistic significance between the relationship of the publication of interest encouraging plan and company establishment date.

在此基础上，本文抽取了实施新会计准则体系之前2005年我国上市公司样本，通过建立有序分组的线性趋势检验模型研究证实，以0.05为显著水平，我国上市公司存货收发频繁程度与发出存货计价方法简化程度之间，并不显著存在一般认为应有的线性关系，排除了发出存货计价方法选择这一混杂因素的影响；进而，通过建立logistic回归模型证实，发出存货计价方法的选择也并不显著受政治和契约成本的影响；通过建立多元线性回归模型证实，上市公司对非流动资产减值的会计职业判断，与其主营业务收入的规模和负债权益比率的高低之间的关系有统计学意义，与是否公布股权激励计划和公司成立时间之间的关系没有统计学意义。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。