契约的

Changes related to the case in the form of lease elements of common law and equity by the different provisions were as follows: common law, a seal of the lease can not be changed orally manner, but only through contractual means of achieving for this purpose; Equity Act, a contract can be a simple way to change the contract (the lease is concerned, need to be reflected in writing, that is written in the form of elements), the court may have to change to confirm its effectiveness.

涉及对本案租约进行变更的形式要件，普通法与衡平法所作的不同规定 6 表现为：普通法规定，一个加盖印章的租约是不能通过口头的方式加以变更的，而只能通过契约的方式达到此目的；衡平法规定，一个契约可以用简单的合同方式加以变更(就租约而言，需要以书面形式加以体现，即以书面形式为要件)，法院可以对此变更确认其效力。

There are some obscurities, however, in the descriptions we have received of the Literal Contract, the fact being that the habit of keeping books ceased to be universal in later times, and the expression "Literal Contract" came to signify a form of engagement entirely different from that originally understood.

可是，就我们所看到的"文书契约"的描写中，是有些不易明了之处的，原因是登帐的习惯在后来已不普遍了，而"文书契约"的用语成了表示和原来所理解的完全不同的一种定约的形式。

But if a man be lawfully imprisoned, and either to procure his discharge, or on any other fair account, seals a bond or a deed, this is not by duress of imprisonment, and he is not at liberty to avoid it.36 To make imprisonment lawful, it must either be, by process from the courts of judicature, or by warrant from some legal officer, having authority to commit to prison; which warrant must be in writing, under the hand and seal of the magistrate, and express the causes of the commitment, in order to be examined into upon a habeas corpus.

但是如果一个人是被合法监禁，为了获释或基于其它公平的理由而订立契约，这不是监禁强迫，便不能自由的免除契约的约束。为了使监禁合法，必须经由审判法庭的程序，或者通过某些法定官员的授权，从而获得权力去实施监禁；这份授权必须由官员亲笔签发并加盖印章，并明确陈述监禁的理由，以备按人身保护法案进行审查。

2 The execution, delivery, performance and completion of this agreement and the Investor Rights Agreement by each of the Warrantors do not and will not violate in any respect any provision of any law or regulation or any order or decree of any governmental authority, agency or court of any jurisdiction which is applicable to the Warrantor, any Group Company or any Associated Company; the laws and documents incorporating and constituting the Warrantor, any Group Company or any Associated Company prevailing as at the date of this agreement and as at Completion; or any mortgage, contract or other undertaking or instrument to which the Warrantor, any Group Company or any Associated Company is a party or which is binding upon it or any of its assets, and does not and will not result in the creation or imposition of any encumbrance on any of its assets pursuant to the provisions of any such mortgage, contract or other undertaking or instrument.

5.2 由每位担保人实施的本协议和投资者权利协议的执行、送达、履行和完成在任何方面都不会并将不会违反：1）可适用于担保人、任何集团公司或任何联营公司的任何有管辖权的任何政府部门、机构或法院的任何法律、任何规章或任何命令或法令的任何规定-（2）在本协议签订之日和完成之日实行的合并和组成担保人、任何集团公司或任何联营公司的法律和文件的任何规定或（3）担保人、任何集团公司或任何联营公司作为一方或者对其或对其任何资产有约束力的任何抵押，合同或者其他担保或契约的任何规定，而且依照任何这种抵押，合同或者其他担保或契约的任何规定不会并将不会对其任何资产造成任何负担的设立和强加。

It is unfortunate that we cannot track the early history of Contracts with the same absolute confidence as the early history of Wills, but we are not quite without hints that contracts first showed themselves through the nexum being put to a new use and afterwards obtained recognition as distinct transactions through the important practical consequences of the experiment.

不幸的是，我们无法以对&遗嘱&的早期史的绝对信心来追溯&契约&的早期史，但我们并非完全没有暗示，说明契约在最初出现时是把耐克逊放在一种新的应用中，后来通过实际试验获得了重要效果，被承认为一种各别的交易。

There are some obscurities, however, in the descriptions we have received of the Literal Contract, the fact being that the habit of keeping books ceased to be universal in later times, and the expression "Literal Contract" came to signify a form of engagement entirely different from that originally understood.

可是，就我们所看到的&文书契约&的描写中，是有些不易明了之处的，原因是登帐的习惯在后来已不普遍了，而&文书契约&的用语成了表示和原来所理解的完全不同的一种定约的形式。

Aim: CHS contract system is a system in which the insured or insurer prepays provider to buy medical services, preventive services, health care and other health services in the next year by signing a contract to define the right and duty of provider and the insured or insurer.

目的：社区卫生服务契约制度是由社区卫生服务的需方或第三方向供方预付一定的费用，购买未来一定时间内的医疗预防保健等综合卫生服务，以契约的形式来明确各方的权利和义务。

The classical Roman law established an obligatio - contractus system with formalism and numerus clausus as the key features of contract; the medieval glossators accepted this model and redefined the contract with the doctrine of causa; the French law family continued this tradition and made the doctrine of causa the...

古典罗马法以形式主义和类型法定为契约概念的特质，构建了债一契约的制度模式；中世纪注释法学家遵循这一模式，以原因理论重构了合同的概念，这一传统为法国法系继受，使原因理论成为破译其合同概念及相关制度设计的密码；在德国，自然法理论、理性法学和历史法学结亲，以法律行为理论重组合同的要素，使其含义在历史上再一次发生根本性断裂；20世纪以后，制度的变迁又催生了新的合同说明模式。

But if a man be lawfully imprisoned, and either to procure his discharge, or on any other fair account, seals a bond or a deed, this is not by duress of imprisonment, and he is not at liberty to avoid it.36 To make imprisonment lawful, it must either be, by process from the courts of judicature, or by warrant from some legal officer, having authority to commit to prison; which warrant must be in writing, under the hand and seal of the magistrate, and express the causes of the commitment, in order to be examined into upon a habeas corpus.

但是如果一个人是被合法监禁，为了获释或基于其它公正的理由而订立契约，这不是监禁强迫，便不能自由的免除契约的约束。为了使监禁合法，必须经由审判法庭的程序，或者通过某些法定官员的授权，从而获得权力去实施监禁；这份授权必须由官员亲笔签发并加盖印章，并明确陈述监禁的理由，以备按人身保护法案进行审查。如果没有明确的理由，那么监狱职员则没有看守的责任。

Banking system is too conservative to finance them. On the contrary, capital market has an inner mechanism of self-distinguishing which is most suitable for those entrepreneurs who run the risk of starting new business.

以科斯为代表的将企业视为&一系列契约的联结&的主流的企业契约理论，对企业存在的原因、企业的边界和企业的所有权结构等方面进行了广泛的研究，从而逐步地破译了企业这个&黑箱&。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。