契约

That is to say, law is the contract pattern bond of " realistic ", reflected the fair view of different regime and just view.

也就是说，法律是&现实主义&的合同式契约，体现了不同统治阶级的公平观和正义观。

In the introduction, the dissertation points out that contraction theory, corporate system and capital market constitute the theoretical and practical contexts of my research.

论文在绪论中指出，契约理论的进展、公司制度的建立和资本市场的兴起构成了论文研究内容的理论和现实背景，而国内相关的研究却很少见。

When private benefits always generate dead-weight losses, it is nevertheless never optimal to let the manager divert all the benefits, the shareholders can define an optimal remuneration scheme, indexed on firm performances, which induces the manager to commit himself to the right level of distributed dividends.

研究结果表明，在存在管理层转移公司利润的情况下，如果利润的转移会带来福利净损失，则可以允许或默许管理层采取利润转移行为，以换取经理层的努力工作以及向投资者传递正确真实的信息，而转移的部分利润就可视之为是经理层报酬契约的一个组成部分。

The Directors may exercised all the powers of the Company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertaking,property and uncalled capital,or any part thereof,and subject to Section 80 of the Act,to issue and create mortgages,charges,memoranda of deposits,debentures,debenture stock and other securities whether outright or as security for any debts,liability or obligation of the Company or any third party.

第十七条董事会可行使本公司所有权力以借款和按揭或抵押其全部或任何部分担保物、财产和未收资金，根据《公司法》第80条规定，发行或制定按揭、抵押、存放契约、债券、公司债券和其他证券，直接销售发行或以本公司或任何替三方之债务、责任或义务为担保不论。

Certain machinery and equipment included in Note 11.a above are held under finance leases .

上述附注11.a所载的若干机器及设备按财务契约持有。

In this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires: headings are for convenience only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement; words importing the singular include the plural and vice versa; words importing a gender include any gender; an expression importing a natural person includes any company, partnership, joint venture, association, corporation or other body corporate and any governmental agency; a reference to any law, regulation or rule includes all laws, regulations, or rules amending, consolidating or replacing them, and a reference to a law includes all regulations and rules under that law; a reference to a document includes an amendment or supplement to, or replacement or novation of, that document; a reference to a party to any document includes that party's successors and permitted assigns; a reference to an agreement includes an undertaking, agreement or legally enforceable arrangement or understanding whether or not in writing; a warranty, representation, undertaking, indemnity, covenant or agreement on the part of two or more persons binds them jointly and severally; and the schedules, annexures and appendices to this Agreement shall form an intergral pert of this Agreement.

在本协议中，除非上下文中有另外的规定，那么标题只是为了方便，不会影响对本协议的解释；单数的单词包含复数意义，反之亦然；表示某一性别的单词包含任何性别；一个自然人的表示法包含任何的公司，合伙人，合资公司，协会，法人或其他的合作实体和任何的政府代理机构；提到任何的法律，法规或规则是包括所有的法律，法规，或修订的规则，与之和并或取代之的规定，并且提到一部法律就包括该法律下的所有的法规和规则；提到一份文件时就包含该文件的修订本，补遗本，或其取代者或新旧接替者；提到任何文件中的一方就包括该方的承继人和获得允许的转移；提到一份协议就包括不管是否在书面写下的承诺，协议或是可依法实施的协议或非正式的协议；双方或更多人的一个保证，陈述，承诺，补偿，契约或协议对他们同时并分别起限制作用；并且本协议的时间表，附件和附录构成本协议的整体。

A contract has the capability of binging people to a common purpose.

契约具有使人们达到共同目的的约束力

As a nexus of contracts, there are costs of agent between consigners and agents in modern enterprises.

现代企业是一个契约联合体。

The managing pattern design of the case throw out two peculiarity: It take the lead in advancing the concept of park manager, carrying through the enterprise- oriented operation that is coached by government; The strategic service alliance was devised, forming contracted cooperant pattern that is differ from other park, and it is propitious to exert various advantage so that ministrant advantage will be exerted.

本案例设计的经营管理模式体现了两大特点：率先提出园区运营商的概念，实行政府指导下的公司型企业化运作；设计形成服务战略联盟，形成有别于其他园区的契约合作模式，有利于发挥多方优势和提供高效服务。

Because management capacities and capital are asymmetry which causes the separation of ownership and control, principals and contractors become copartners via contracts, and then the principal-agent problems arise.

由于管理才能与资产不对称，造成了所有权与经营权相分离，所有者和经营者通过契约关系成为合作伙伴，实现资源互补，同时也产生了委托代理的问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。