契约

For and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the Parties agree as follows

考虑到相互的契约和在此包含的协议，各方达成如下协议

The government announced in December that it would sign the United Nations covenants on human rights.

政府在十二月它会发信号在人权上的联合国契约。

The principal-agent relationship between the shareholders and the management was born with the separation between the ownership and practical control among the modern corporations. And the emergence of debiting the capital caused the contractive relationship between the creditor and corporations.

在现代企业中，由于所有权和经营权相互分离，产生了股东与管理者之间的代理关系，而资金的借贷关系的存在，又使得企业与债权人之间表现为一种契约。

He deeded all his estate to his daughter.

他立下契约将其全部财产转让给他的女儿。

Contained shall peaceably hold and enjoy the demised premises.

这些佃户将顺利地拥有并享有让渡的房产，他们按时缴纳了包租的租金和履行自己应该履行的几项契约。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

There are many specific words with special legal meanings in legal English. Moreover, the legal documents which stipulate rights and obligations must be precise, objective and standard disallowing any amplification or emotional expression, so many particular features of syntax are formed.

在法律英语中不仅有众多的具有法律专门意义的特殊词汇，而且由于规定人们权利和义务的法律、法令或契约等法律文书所表达的内容必须准确、严密、客观和规范，不容许丝毫的引申、推理或抒发和表达感情，因而在法律英语中又形成了许多特有的句法特点。

There could be a deed by a single individual not disclosing that he or she is married at the time.

有可能是一个契约，由单一个人，不公开，他或她是在结婚的时候。

Men, at first, for the most part, contented themselves with what unassisted nature offered to their necessities: and though afterwards, in some parts of the world,(where the increase of people and stock, with the use of money, had made land scarce, and so of some value) the several communities settled the bounds of their distinct territories, and by laws within themselves regulated the properties of the private men of their society, and so, by compact and agreement, settled the property which labour and industry began; and the leagues that have been made between several states and kingdoms, either expressly or tacitly disowning all claim and right to the land in the others possession, have, by common consent, given up their pretences to their natural common right, which originally they had to those countries, and so have, by positive agreement, settled a property amongst themselves, in distinct parts and parcels of the earth; yet there are still great tracts of ground to be found, which (the inhabitants thereof not having joined with the rest of mankind, in the consent of the use of their common money) lie waste, and are more than the people who dwell on it do, or can make use of, and so still lie in common; tho' this can scarce happen amongst that part of mankind that have consented to the use of money.

最初，就绝大部分人而言，满足于自然直接提供给他们的生活必需品；然而后来，世界某些部分的种群，（在那里，人口和储蓄的增长，并随着货币的使用，使土地变得不足，因而有了一些价值）多个社群之间确定了他们各自的领土边界，并在社群内部通过法律管理他们社会的私人财产权，于是通过契约和协议，确定由劳动创造的财产权；多个国家和王国之间则订立盟约，以明确表达或默认的形式否认了彼此之间的土地要求和权利，从而，基于共同的同意，放弃了他们原初对于别的国家所拥有的自然的共有权利的要求，于是，通过肯定性的协议，确定他们之间的财产权，在地球上形成各个不同的国家；然而还有大片土地被发现，（那里的居民并未与其余的人类通过使用共同的货币而融合在一起）这些土地处于荒芜状态，多于那里的居民所能够使用，因而仍处于共有状态；不过这种情形很少发生在那些同意使用货币的人群之中。

Based on stakeholder theory and social contract theory, this article builds a brand new analyzing framework for corporate social responsibility. It discusses several basic issues and then disproves those opposing argument towards corporate social responsibility.

本文从企业与社会的视角出发，在利益相关者理论和社会契约论的基础上建立一个新的企业社会责任分析框架，系统回答了企业社会责任的基本问题，有力地反驳了对企业社会责任的批驳。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。